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     <title>RAND: Liisa Ecola</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/about/people/e/ecola_liisa.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-17T18:57:42Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/about/people/e/ecola_liisa.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/about/people/e/ecola_liisa.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Improving the Safety and Security of Freight and Passenger Rail in Pennsylvania</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR615.html</id>
   <published>2008-11-10T20:20:00Z</published>
   <updated>2008-11-10T20:20:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Reviews Pennsylvania&apos;s statutory and regulatory authority over rail, recent studies and actions regarding rail safety and security, and actions taken by other states, and includes a qualitative analysis of risks to rail infrastructure.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR615.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2008/11/24.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Reducing Traffic Congestion in Los Angeles</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9385.html</id>
   <published>2008-09-03T09:42:00Z</published>
   <updated>2008-09-03T09:42:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">This research brief identifies key factors determining L.A. transportation policy needs and makes 13 recommendations that together could reduce congestion -- arguably the worst in the country -- substantially within five years.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9385.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG748.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Integrating U.S. Climate, Energy and Transportation Policies: RAND Workshops Address Challenges and Potential Solutions</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9415.html</id>
   <published>2009-02-20T16:42:00Z</published>
   <updated>2009-02-20T16:42:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">In an effort to share different perspectives on potential climate policy solutions, RAND convened three workshops -- one each on climate change policy, energy, and transportation -- in which stakeholders addressed climate policy ideas and challenges.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9415.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF256.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Transportation Challenges for the New Administration: Perspectives of Past DOT Secretaries</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF257.html</id>
   <published>2009-04-09T14:34:00Z</published>
   <updated>2009-04-09T14:34:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Summarizes the remarks of three previous Department of Transportation secretaries at a January 2009 panel discussion on transportation policymaking.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF257.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Integrating U.S. Climate, Energy, and Transportation Policies: Proceedings of Three Workshops</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF256.html</id>
   <published>2009-02-20T16:42:00Z</published>
   <updated>2009-02-20T16:42:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Three workshops on climate change mitigation policy brought together representatives of government, industry, advocacy groups, and the research community to address the interconnection of such policies with the energy and transportation sectors.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF256.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9415.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">System Trials to Demonstrate Mileage-Based Road Use Charges</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1423.html</id>
   <published>2011-02-11T10:30:00Z</published>
   <updated>2011-02-11T10:30:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Explore options for conducting a set of trials to test the feasibility of transitioning from fuel excise taxes to a system of road use charges based on vehicle miles of travel.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1423.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9576.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Moving Toward Vehicle Miles of Travel Fees to Replace Fuel Taxes</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9576.html</id>
   <published>2011-03-29T13:15:00Z</published>
   <updated>2011-03-29T13:15:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Assesses alternate mechanisms for implementing fees to fund the nation&apos;s road network based on vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and outlines a plan for large-scale system trials to further evaluate the most promising concepts.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9576.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1395.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1423.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Implementable Strategies for Shifting to Direct Usage-Based Charges for Transportation Funding</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1395.html</id>
   <published>2009-09-25T17:36:00Z</published>
   <updated>2009-09-25T17:36:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Explores ways that direct charges to road users, based on vehicle-miles of travel (VMT), could be implemented by 2015.  </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1395.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2010/02/10.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9576.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Transportation Research Board web site" href="http://www.trb.org/Main/Public/Blurbs/Implementable_Strategies_for_Shifting_to_Direct_Us_162252.aspx" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Understanding and Reducing Off-Duty Vehicle Crashes Among Military Personnel</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR820.html</id>
   <published>2010-09-21T10:59:00Z</published>
   <updated>2010-09-21T10:59:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Reviews a wide variety of evidence regarding traffic safety in the United States, with specific reference to military personnel, focusing on safety interventions and attempts to change driver behavior and decisions.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR820.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Evaluating Options for U.S. Greenhouse-Gas Mitigation Using Multiple Criteria</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP252.html</id>
   <published>2009-04-03T16:34:00Z</published>
   <updated>2009-04-03T16:34:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">This paper develops a framework for evaluating U.S. greenhouse gas-mitigation policy balancing several criteria, beyond just cost-effectiveness, to reflect institutional and political realities and the policies&apos; effects on producers and consumers.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP252.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">In Search of Effective and Viable Policies to Reduce Greenhouse Gases</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090529.html</id>
   <published>2009-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2009-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">This article discusses research into policies to manage greenhouse gases in the U.S. Debates in the U.S. Congress regarding the distribution of economic impacts associated with different mechanisms designed to encourage the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are considered.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090529.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.environmentmagazine.org/Archives/Back%20Issues/May-June%202009/Toman-full.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND Review: Vol. 34, No. 3, Winter 2010</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP22-2010-12.html</id>
   <published>2011-01-06T10:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2011-01-06T10:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Stories discuss Haitian recovery, transportation finance, teacher accountability, childhood psychological problems, aging Americans, military savings, U.S. space systems, Middle East peace, the Wallace Foundation, and Politics Aside 2010.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP22-2010-12.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="RAND Review Home" href="http://www.rand.org/publications/randreview.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Strengthening U.S. International Energy Assistance to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Improve Energy Security</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP251.html</id>
   <published>2009-09-10T16:30:00Z</published>
   <updated>2009-09-10T16:30:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">U.S. international energy-assistance programs, a potentially important tool for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy security, are reviewed and compared with German programs; recommendations are made for further study.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP251.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Moving Los Angeles: Short-Term Policy Options for Improving Transportation</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG748.html</id>
   <published>2008-08-23T13:32:00Z</published>
   <updated>2008-08-23T13:32:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">The authors of this book recommend strategies for reducing traffic congestion in the Los Angeles area that could significantly enhance quality of life, reduce economic and environmental costs, and improve social justice within about five years.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG748.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2008/10/02.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9385.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20100047.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20091226.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Energy Services Analysis</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR1170.html</id>
   <published>2012-04-10T09:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2012-04-10T09:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">This report uses energy services analysis (ESA) to examine possibilities for changing how a service is delivered. ESA is used to analyze how changes in two services -- news delivery and personal mobility -- might reduce their greenhouse-gas emissions.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR1170.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Advancing Aeronautics</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG997.html</id>
   <published>2011-02-17T11:45:00Z</published>
   <updated>2011-02-17T11:45:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Develops a unified decisionmaking approach for selecting aeronautics research agendas that quantifies the social and economic reasons for the research, balances competing perspectives, and enables transparent explanation of the resulting decisions.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG997.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Equity and Congestion Pricing: A Review of the Evidence</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR680.html</id>
   <published>2009-05-21T16:35:00Z</published>
   <updated>2009-05-21T16:35:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Some congestion pricing projects have been undertaken to address traffic congestion, but some worry that congestion pricing is inequitable. This report looks at the evidence that might support or negate this claim.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR680.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2009/06/02.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/external_publications/EP20110014.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Making Congestion Pricing Equitable</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20110014.html</id>
   <published>2011-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2011-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Identifies and assesses ways of making congestion pricing equitable.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20110014.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://trb.metapress.com/content/qnwl0j8523408872/?p=a062d8afaac54210aad1b711fd49a72e&amp;amp;pi=7" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://trb.metapress.com/content/qnwl0j8523408872/?p=a062d8afaac54210aad1b711fd49a72e&amp;pi=7" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR680.html" />
 </entry>
 
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