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     <title>RAND: Paul Heaton</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/about/people/h/heaton_paul.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-18T22:30:08Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/about/people/h/heaton_paul.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/about/people/h/heaton_paul.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Do Higher Crime Rates Cause a Decrease in Religiosity?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2010/03/01/SRT.html</id>
   <published>2010-03-01T16:02:00Z</published>
   <updated>2010-03-01T16:02:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">If we observe that high crime and low levels of religious belief or high levels of belief and low crime go hand in hand, how should we interpret that correlation? asks Paul Heaton.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2010/03/01/SRT.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Auto Insurance Reform in Michigan: What Can the Data Tell Us?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP293.html</id>
   <published>2010-02-23T16:30:00Z</published>
   <updated>2010-02-23T16:30:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Legislators and consumer groups in Michigan have recently proposed reforms designed to reduce the costs of auto insurance in the state. Reforms that change claiming behavior may have considerable potential for lowering auto premiums in Michigan.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP293.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9513.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Recruiting Minorities: What Explains Recent Trends in the Army and Navy?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG861.html</id>
   <published>2009-08-26T10:52:00Z</published>
   <updated>2009-08-26T10:52:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Identifies factors that explain trends in black and Hispanic representation among high-quality recruits in the Army and Navy; considers which policies are likely to be most effective in increasing high-quality enlistments within different groups.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG861.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9463.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">A synthesis of literature on the effectiveness of community orders</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR518.html</id>
   <published>2008-01-10T01:10:00Z</published>
   <updated>2008-01-10T01:10:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">The U.K. National Audit Office (NAO) commissioned RAND Europe to conduct this review to identify and synthesize international research about the effectiveness of community orders in reducing re-offending.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR518.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Explaining Recent Army and Navy Minority Recruiting Trends</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9463.html</id>
   <published>2009-08-28T10:40:00Z</published>
   <updated>2009-08-28T10:40:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Identifies factors that explain recruiting trends among blacks and Hispanics from 2000 to 2007, including the responsiveness of these groups to various recruiting resources as well as other factors, such as the effect of the Iraq war.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9463.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG861.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Childhood Educational Disruption and Later Life Outcomes: Evidence from Prince Edward County</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR552.html</id>
   <published>2008-02-05T19:04:00Z</published>
   <updated>2008-02-05T19:04:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Examines the effects of a five-year school closing in Prince Edward County, Virginia, a result of opposition to court-ordered integration, on affected black children&apos;s educational attainment and economic outcomes.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR552.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Hidden in Plain Sight: What Cost-of-Crime Research Can Tell Us About Investing in Police</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP279.html</id>
   <published>2010-03-05T10:33:00Z</published>
   <updated>2010-03-05T10:33:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Research on the cost of crime and the effectiveness of police in preventing crime can be used to better understand the returns on investments in police. Returns on investments in police personnel are likely to be substantial.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP279.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2010/03/16.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Cost of Crime Calculator" href="http://www.rand.org/ise/centers/quality_policing/cost-of-crime.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Childhood Educational Disruption and Later Life Outcomes Evidence from Prince Edward County</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20080619.html</id>
   <published>2008-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2008-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Beginning in 1959, the public schools in Prince Edward County, Virginia, were closed for five years in opposition to court-ordered integration. Affected black students did not exhibit substantially worse material, health, and incarceration outcomes.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20080619.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/toc/jhc/current" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">An Analysis of the Incidence of Recruiter Irregularites</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR827.html</id>
   <published>2010-11-09T14:59:00Z</published>
   <updated>2010-11-09T14:59:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Data from 2007 through 2009 are used to tabulate the incidence and prevalence of recruiter irregularities.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR827.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Do Bonuses Affect Enlistment and Reenlistment?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9539.html</id>
   <published>2010-06-09T16:30:00Z</published>
   <updated>2010-06-09T16:30:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Congress has questioned the scope and efficacy of enlistment and reenlistment bonuses, but Army high-quality recruiting would have been lower without them; they are more cost-effective than pay but less so than recruiters as a way to gain recruits.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9539.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="undefined" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG950.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Preliminary Findings from the New Leaders for New Schools Evaluation</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR739.html</id>
   <published>2010-04-29T16:55:00Z</published>
   <updated>2010-04-29T16:55:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Presents preliminary findings on the impact of attending a school led by a K-8 school led by a New Leader.
 </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR739.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Cash Incentives and Military Enlistment, Attrition, and Reenlistment</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG950.html</id>
   <published>2010-05-14T16:15:00Z</published>
   <updated>2010-05-14T16:15:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">The Department of Defense budget for enlistment and reenlistment bonuses increased greatly over the past decade, leading some to ask whether bonuses were the most cost-effective way to increase the supply of personnel to the armed forces.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG950.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2010/06/14.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9539.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Sexual Orientation and U.S. Personnel Policy Revisited</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9565.html</id>
   <published>2010-12-23T09:15:00Z</published>
   <updated>2010-12-23T09:15:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Summarizes results of a RAND Corporation study on sexual orientation and U.S. military policy requested by the Senate Armed Services Committee and the Secretary of Defense in order to weigh repeal of the law known as </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9565.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1056.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Sunday Liquor Laws and Crime</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR818.html</id>
   <published>2011-06-22T10:45:00Z</published>
   <updated>2011-06-22T10:45:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Analyzes the effects of legalization of Sunday packaged liquor sales on crime, focusing on the phased introduction of such sales in Virginia beginning in 2004.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR818.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">FY2006 Anti-Gang Initiative Grants in the Central District of California: Report to the U.S. Attorney</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR660.html</id>
   <published>2009-03-12T16:30:00Z</published>
   <updated>2009-03-12T16:30:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Reports on the FY2006 Anti-Gang Initiative for the U.S. Attorney for the Central District of California, who coordinates the Project Safe Neighborhood programs in his district.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR660.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Project Safe Neighborhoods web site" href="http://www.rand.org/ise/projects/safeneighborhoods.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Compensation for Combat Deaths</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB633.html</id>
   <published>2012-03-15T11:30:00Z</published>
   <updated>2012-03-15T11:30:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">This briefing identifies policy questions related to compensating service members and their survivors for fatality risk. It compares combat fatality patterns with fatalities occurring in other contexts and discusses current compensation programs.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB633.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">How Much Difference Does the Lawyer Make?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR870.html</id>
   <published>2011-12-16T18:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2011-12-16T18:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Describes the results of a study to examine the effect of defense counsel on outcomes in murder prosecutions in Philadelphia.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR870.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Save Money &#8212; Hire Police</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2011/11/22/LAT.html</id>
   <published>2011-11-22T11:49:00Z</published>
   <updated>2011-11-22T11:49:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">The high cost of crime to society suggests that adding police officers may give large cities a sizable return on their investments, write Greg Ridgeway and Paul Heaton.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2011/11/22/LAT.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Reducing Michigan Auto Insurance Rates</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9513.html</id>
   <published>2010-03-04T15:21:00Z</published>
   <updated>2010-03-04T15:21:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Higher auto insurance rates in Michigan lead to a high proportion of drivers without auto insurance. Introducing options or fee schedules for personal injury protection coverage could help lead to broader, more-affordable choices.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9513.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP293.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">What Happened to No-Fault Automobile Insurance?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9505.html</id>
   <published>2010-02-01T16:15:00Z</published>
   <updated>2010-02-01T16:15:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">This brief reviews the decline in popularity of no-fault automobile insurance. The main reason for this decline is rising costs: no-fault offers more medical services to accident victims and pays more for the same care than tort insurance.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9505.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG860.html" />
 </entry>
 
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