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     <title>RAND: J. R. Lockwood</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/about/people/l/lockwood_j_r.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-10T18:02:47Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/about/people/l/lockwood_j_r.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/about/people/l/lockwood_j_r.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Evaluating Value-Added Models for Teacher Accountability</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG158.html</id>
   <published>2004-05-02T01:17:00Z</published>
   <updated>2004-05-02T01:17:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Clarifies the primary questions raised by the use of value-added models (VAM) for measuring teacher effects, reviews the most important recent applications of VAM, and discusses statistical and measurement issues associated with VAM.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG158.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9050.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9425.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Inspiration, Perspiration, and Time: Operations and Achievement in Edison Schools</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG351.html</id>
   <published>2005-09-29T08:10:00Z</published>
   <updated>2005-09-29T08:10:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Reports an evaluation of Edison Schools, the nation&#8217;s largest for-profit manager of public schools. RAND analyzed Edison&#8217;s school improvement strategies the implementation of those strategies, and effects on student achievement.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG351.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2005/10/11.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9149.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9428.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">A Decade of Entrepreneurship in Education: A Look at Edison Schools&amp;rsquo; Improvement Strategies and Their Effects on Student Achievement</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9149.html</id>
   <published>2004-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2004-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">This research brief describes work documented in Inspiration, Perspiration, and Time: Operations and Achievement in Edison Schools (MG-351-EDU).</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9149.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG351.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Does Reform-Oriented Teaching Make a Difference?: The Relationship Between Teaching Practices and Achievement in Mathematics and Science</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9211.html</id>
   <published>2006-11-14T11:27:00Z</published>
   <updated>2006-11-14T11:27:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">This research brief summarizes a three-year study of the relationship between reform-oriented instruction and student performance in mathematics and science.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9211.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG480.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Do Title I School Choice and Supplemental Educational Services Affect Student Achievement?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9273.html</id>
   <published>2007-07-02T11:32:00Z</published>
   <updated>2007-07-02T11:32:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">This research brief summarizes an analysis of the two educational options provided under the No Child Left Behind Act to students in Title I schools that are identified for improvement: school choice and supplemental educational services.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9273.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1265.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Promise and Peril of Using Value-Added Modeling to Measure Teacher Effectiveness</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9050.html</id>
   <published>2004-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2004-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">This research brief describes work documented in Evaluating Value-Added Models for Teacher Accountability (MG-158-EDU).</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9050.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG158.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Controlling for Student Heterogeneity in Longitudinal Achievement Models</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR471.html</id>
   <published>2007-09-19T08:57:00Z</published>
   <updated>2007-09-19T08:57:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Examines criticisms of the random effects model, which is meant to control for student heterogeneity, in the context of longitudinal student achievement test data.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR471.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1266.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Using Structured Classroom Vignettes to Measure Instructional Practices in Mathematics</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR336.html</id>
   <published>2006-02-08T10:59:00Z</published>
   <updated>2006-02-08T10:59:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Describes a vignette-based measure of reform-oriented mathematics instruction in which teachers read several contextualized descriptions of teaching practices and rate the degree to which the options correspond to their own likely behaviors.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR336.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">A Value-Added Modeling Approach for Examining the Relationship Between Reform Teaching and Mathematics Achievement</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR262.html</id>
   <published>2005-05-20T09:50:00Z</published>
   <updated>2005-05-20T09:50:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">A Value-Added Modeling Approach for Examining the Relationship Between Reform Teaching and Mathematics Achievement</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR262.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Is Reform-Oriented Teaching Related to Mathematics and Science Achievement?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR166.html</id>
   <published>2004-12-21T12:10:00Z</published>
   <updated>2004-12-21T12:10:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html"></summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR166.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Evaluation of the Impact of Seattle&amp;apos;s DWLS Vehicle Impound Law</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR117.html</id>
   <published>2004-12-21T12:09:00Z</published>
   <updated>2004-12-21T12:09:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html"></summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR117.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Models for Value-Added Modeling of Teacher Effects</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1165.html</id>
   <published>2004-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2004-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">The use of complex value-added models that attempt to isolate the contributions of teachers or schools to student development is increasing. Several variations on these models are being applied in the research literature, and policy makers have expre...</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1165.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Controlling for Individual Heterogeneity in Longitudinal Models, with Applications to Student Achievement</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1266.html</id>
   <published>2007-09-04T10:27:00Z</published>
   <updated>2007-09-04T10:27:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Demonstrates through analysis and simulation that the mixed model approach to tracking repeated measurements can mitigate bias due to uncontrolled differences among individuals, and applies it to student achievement measures.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1266.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Electronic Journal of Statistics" href="http://www.i-journals.org/ejs/viewarticle.php?id=57&amp;layout=abstract" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR471.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">State and Local Implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act: Volume I -- Title I School Choice, Supplemental Educational Services, and Student Achievement</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1265.html</id>
   <published>2007-06-21T06:56:00Z</published>
   <updated>2007-06-21T06:56:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">The No Child Left Behind Act provided the option to transfer students to higher-achieving schools or to enroll them in supplemental programs. This study examined the characteristics of participating students and the resulting impact on achievement.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1265.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2007/06/27.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9273.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1283.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1303.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1332.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Volumes V &amp; VI available on the U.S. Department of Education web site" href="http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/opepd/ppss/reports" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1383.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Sensitivity of Value-Added Teacher Effect Estimates to Different Mathematics Achievement Measures</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1269.html</id>
   <published>2007-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2007-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Conclusions about individual teachers&apos; performance based on value-added models can be sensitive to the ways in which student achievement is measured.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1269.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Using State School Accountability Data to Evaluate Federal Programs:  A Long Uphill Road</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1075.html</id>
   <published>2003-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2003-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Using State School Accountability Data to Evaluate Federal Programs:  A Long Uphill Road</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1075.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">A Model for Teacher Effects from Longitudinal Data Without Assuming Vertical Scaling</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20110024.html</id>
   <published>2011-01-06T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2011-01-06T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">We develop the &quot;generalized persistence&quot; (GP) model, a Bayesian multivariate model for estimating teacher effects that accommodates longitudinal data that are not vertically scaled by allowing less than perfect correlation of a teacher&apos;s effects across test administrations.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20110024.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Smoothing Across Time in Repeated Cross-Sectional Data</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20110021.html</id>
   <published>2011-02-28T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2011-02-28T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html"></summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20110021.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">How Important Is Exact Balance in Treatment and Control Sample Sizes to Evaluations?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20070708.html</id>
   <published>2007-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2007-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Independent randomization of individuals doesn&apos;t guarantee exact balance,</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20070708.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07405472" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Challenges for Value-Added Assessment of Teacher Effects</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20050016.html</id>
   <published>2005-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2005-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">The use of standardized test scores to facilitate school reform is now a cornerstone of education policy in the United States.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20050016.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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