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     <title>RAND: Pierre-Carl Michaud</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/about/people/m/michaud_pierre-carl.xml"/>
     <updated>2013-05-08T03:57:31Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/about/people/m/michaud_pierre-carl.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2013, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/about/people/m/michaud_pierre-carl.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Rise in Obesity Across the Atlantic: An Economic Perspective</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR586.html</id>
   <published>2008-06-13T17:39:00Z</published>
   <updated>2008-06-13T17:39:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Studies comparable evidence on the patterns and trends in obesity across the Atlantic and analyzes whether there are economic rationales for public intervention to control obesity.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR586.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Is There a Shortage of Anesthesia Providers in the United States?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9541.html</id>
   <published>2010-07-07T11:04:00Z</published>
   <updated>2010-07-07T11:04:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Analysis of labor market trends suggests that the United States is experiencing a shortage of anesthesiology providers.  </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9541.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR688.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Fertility and Female Employment Dynamics in Europe: The Effect of Using Alternative Econometric Modeling Assumptions</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR643.html</id>
   <published>2008-12-09T16:35:00Z</published>
   <updated>2008-12-09T16:35:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Examines the effect of using alternative econometric modeling assumptions on fertility and female employment dynamics in Europe.
  </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR643.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090025.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Entrepreneurship, Wealth, Liquidity Constraints, and Start-Up Costs</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20070623.html</id>
   <published>2007-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2007-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Focuses on the effect of liquidity constraints and startup costs on the relationship between wealth and fraction of entrepreneurs in an economy.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20070623.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.law.uiuc.edu/publications/cll&amp;pj/archive/vol_28/issue_4/FonsecaArticle28-4.pdf" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">How Did the Elimination of the US Earnings Test Above the Normal Retirement Age Affect Labour Supply Expectations?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20080618.html</id>
   <published>2008-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2008-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Looks at the effect of the 2000 repeal of the earnings test above the normal retirement age on the self-reported probabilities of working full-time after ages 65 and 62 of male workers in the U.S. Health and Retirement Study.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20080618.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Cross-country Variation in Obesity Patterns Among Older Americans and Europeans</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20070024.html</id>
   <published>2007-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2007-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Obesity rates differ substantially on both sides of the Atlantic and across European countries, with most of the difference coming from the right tail of the weight distribution.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20070024.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.bepress.com/fhep/10/2/8" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR495.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">International Differences in Longevity and Health and Their Economic Consequences</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090817.html</id>
   <published>2009-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2009-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">In 1975, 50 year-old Americans could expect to live slightly longer than their European counterparts.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090817.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://papers.nber.org/papers" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://papers.nber.org/papers/" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w15235" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Understanding the Economic Consequences of Shifting Trends in Population Health</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090816.html</id>
   <published>2009-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2009-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">The public economic burden of shifting trends in population health remains uncertain.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090816.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://papers.nber.org/papers" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://papers.nber.org/papers/" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w15231" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Grossman&apos;s Health Threshold and Retirement</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR658.html</id>
   <published>2009-01-27T08:16:00Z</published>
   <updated>2009-01-27T08:16:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Formulates a stylized structural model of health, wealth accumulation and retirement decisions building on the human capital framework of health provided by Grossman.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR658.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Regulating Drug Prices: U.S. Policy Alternatives in a Global Context</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9412.html</id>
   <published>2008-12-11T10:24:00Z</published>
   <updated>2008-12-11T10:24:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Discusses the effects of regulating drug prices in the United States in terms of the trade-off between benefiting the current generation (with lower prices) and benefiting future generations (with greater pharmaceutical innovation).</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9412.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1380.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1381.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">U.S. Pharmaceutical Policy in a Global Marketplace</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1380.html</id>
   <published>2009-01-09T16:41:00Z</published>
   <updated>2009-01-09T16:41:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Investigates the effects on consumers of lowering U.S. pharmaceutical prices under various assumptions and finds that publicly financing price reductions, without affecting manufacturer prices, delivers benefits in virtually all plausible cases.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1380.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1381.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9412.html" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Health Affairs web site" href="http://content.healthaffairs.org" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.28.1.w138" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2008/12/16.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Using International Micro Data to Learn about Individuals&apos; Responses to Changes in Social Insurance</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR626.html</id>
   <published>2008-11-24T17:14:00Z</published>
   <updated>2008-11-24T17:14:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Examines the scope of cross-country variation in institutions related to social insurance.

  </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR626.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Recent Evolution of Retirement Patterns in Canada</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR875.html</id>
   <published>2011-09-28T10:45:00Z</published>
   <updated>2011-09-28T10:45:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Documents the evolution of retirement patterns over the last three decades in Canada and investigates trends in work after retirement.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR875.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Fertility and Female Employment Dynamics in Europe</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090025.html</id>
   <published>2011-04-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2011-04-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">The authors investigate the direct and long-run effects of fertility on employment in Europe, estimating dynamic models of labor supply under different assumptions regarding the exogeneity of fertility and modeling assumptions related to initial conditions, unobserved heterogeneity and serial correlation in the error terms.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090025.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jae.1133/pdf" />
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR643.html" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Optimal Financial Literacy and Saving for Retirement</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR905.html</id>
   <published>2011-12-20T10:45:00Z</published>
   <updated>2011-12-20T10:45:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Devises a model to generate cross-sectional differences in wealth-to-income profiles, which is necessary to assess which types of consumers would benefit the most by early investment in financial literacy and sophisticated investment products.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR905.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Fiscal Consequences of Trends in Population Health</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201000194.html</id>
   <published>2010-06-01T12:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2010-06-01T12:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">This study quantified the fiscal consequences and potential risks of trends in population health for medical care costs, labor supply, earnings, wealth, tax revenues, and government expenditures.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201000194.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://ntj.tax.org" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Fiscal Consequences of Trends in Population Health</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP200100194.html</id>
   <published>2001-06-01T00:00:00Z</published>
   <updated>2001-06-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">This study quantified the fiscal consequences and potential risks of trends in population health for medical care costs, labor supply, earnings, wealth, tax revenues, and government expenditures.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP200100194.html" />
   
   <link rel="related" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://ntj.tax.org" />
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Effects of Attrition and Non-Response in the Health and Retirement Study</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR407.html</id>
   <published>2006-09-12T18:40:00Z</published>
   <updated>2006-09-12T18:40:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">Examines the effect of attrition and other forms of non-response on the representativity over time of the Health and Retirement Study sample born in 1931-1941.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR407.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Health and Wealth of Elderly Couples: Causality Tests Using Dynamic Panel Data Models</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR191.html</id>
   <published>2004-10-21T14:38:00Z</published>
   <updated>2004-10-21T14:38:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html"></summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR191.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Entrepreneurship, Wealth, Liquidity Constraints and Start-up Costs</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR500.html</id>
   <published>2007-07-05T02:54:00Z</published>
   <updated>2007-07-05T02:54:00Z</updated>
   <summary type="html">This paper studies the effects of liquidity constraints and start-up costs on the relationship between wealth and the fraction of entrepreneurs in an economy.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR500.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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