Neighborhoods and Health
2011
Economic Analysis of Physical Activity Interventions — 2011
This study compared the cost-effectiveness of different public interventions for promoting exercise and found that community-based campaigns and school-based interventions have the greatest potential to be scaled up at the lowest costs.
How Much Observation Is Enough? Refining the Administration of SOPARC — 2011
Monitoring parts 4 days/week, 4 times/day is sufficient to estimate park use, park user characteristics, and physical activity. Applying these observation methods can augment physical activity surveillance.
Neighborhood Archetypes for Population Health Research: Is There No Place Like Home? — 2011
Latent class analysis. A new approach to studying the role of place in population health, can be used in both research and practice.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Cognitive Function in Women — 2011
Neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) is associated with cognitive functioning in older US women. Future research is needed on the longitudinal relationships between NSES, cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline.
Preventing Obesity and Its Consequences: Highlights of RAND Health Research — 2011
Summarizes key RAND studies on the causes of obesity, its economic and health consequences, and potential strategies for prevention, including work on health care costs, junk food, food deserts, school meals, and proximity of parks.
Racial/ethnic Differences in US Health Behaviors: A Decomposition Analysis — 2011
Racial/ethnic differences influence the way that neighborhood socioeconomic status affects health behaviors.
Using Geographic Information Systems to Match Local Health Needs with Public Health Services and Programs — 2011
Large local health departments could better inform planning and investments by using geographic information systems to align community needs and health outcomes with public health programs.
2010
Cognitive Behavioral Theories Used to Explain Injection Risk Behavior Among Injection Drug Users: A Review and Suggestions for the Integration of Cognitive and Environmental Models — 2010
Some cognitive behavioral theories, including self-efficacy and social norms, can help explain risky drug injection behaviors, while others, such as perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers, have yielded inconsistent or inconclusive results.
The Effect of Light Rail Transit on Body Mass Index and Physical Activity — 2010
The results of this study suggest that improving neighborhood environments and increasing the public's use of light rail transit systems could provide improvements in health outcomes for millions of individuals.
Examination of Perceived Neighborhood Characteristics and Transportation on Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: The Trial of Activity in Adolescent Girls — 2010
Physical activity is declining and sedentary behavior is increasing among adolescent girls but neighborhood and transportation characteristics do not seem to be the reason.
Neighborhood Effects on Health: Concentrated Advantage and Disadvantage — 2010
Individuals with more education benefit from living in highly educated neighborhoods to a greater degree than individuals with lower levels of education.
Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Status and Biological 'Wear and Tear' in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults — 2010
Living in a lower SES neighborhood is associated with greater biological wear and tear.
Parks and Physical Activity: Why Are Some Parks Used More Than Others? — 2010
Assesses how park characteristics and demographic factors are associated with park use.
Small Area Variations in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Does the Neighborhood Matter? — 2010
Using surveillance data, researchers identified neighborhoods in a Georgia county with a persistently high incidence of cardiac arrest and low rates of bystander CPR. Such neighborhoods are promising targets for community-based interventions.
2009
Body Mass Index, Neighborhood Fast Food and Restaurant Concentration, and Car Ownership — 2009
Concentration of fast food restaurants is associated with higher BMI among local residents.
Children's Health in Washington, D.C.: Access and Health Challenges Despite High Insurance Coverage Rates — 2009
Assesses children's health issues in Washington, D.C., including the health care delivery system and neighborhood health environments.
Rapid Community Participatory Assessment of Health Care in Post-Storm New Orleans — 2009
Community members emphasized healthcare access challenges; unmet needs of specific vulnerable populations; and opportunities, resources, and community adaptations to improve healthcare access.
2008
Does Place Explain Racial Health Disparities? Quantifying the Contribution of Residential Context to the Black/white Health Gap in the United States — 2008
Estimates place effects on racial health disparities. Controlling for a single point-in-time measure of residential context results in a 15-76% reduction of black/white disparities in self-rated health not accounted for by individual-level controls.
Do Neighborhood Economic Conditions Influence the Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables? — 2008
This fact sheet summarizes a study examining the variation of the intake of fruits and vegetables for blacks, whites, and Mexican Americans, in addition to the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic status and this intake.
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