RAND engages in significant research in the regions of Latin America and Africa. RAND's Latin America work began during the Cold War era with in-depth analysis of U.S.-Cuban relations and has expanded to include issues related to health, education, economics, demographics, and political reform. RAND's work covering Africa encompasses many critical issues related to health, education, and political reform in the developing world.

The Forest Allowance Program (Programa Bolsa Floresta) is an avoided deforestation initiative in Brazil that pays the local population a monthly allowance for environmental services and increases deforestation monitoring and enforcement. RAND is studying this and similar initiatives to determine their success in reducing deforestation.

It's been a year since Egyptians began the massive demonstrations that forced President Mubarak to step down and added momentum to pro-democracy protests across the Middle East. Drawing on research on past regime changes and political reform in the Arab world, RAND experts continue to provide policy analysis and unique insights into events in the region.

RAND Europe staff presented the Mapping Pathways project, which focuses on antiretroviral-based HIV/AIDS prevention, at the biennial International Conference on AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Africa (ICASA) 2011.

Molly Morgan Jones, research leader for the Mapping Pathways project, visited Addis Ababa to present findings at the biennial International Conference on AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Africa (ICASA) 2011. The conference was attended by more than 10,000 delegates from around the world, and many expressed an interest in having their countries serve as additional Mapping Pathways case-study sites. The project provided one of the few presentations on antiretroviral-based prevention.

The Arab Spring demonstrated that leaderless revolutions are difficult to repress or co-opt. Unfortunately, it is also true that leaderless revolts find it difficult to make transition to authority, writes Charles Ries.

The Center for Latin American Social Policy conducts research throughout Latin America and the Latin American population in the United States in the areas of aging, social determinants and consequences of health, saving for retirement, social security coverage, labor market dynamics, and migration.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) help to empower citizens and transform economic life. An important policy challenge is to identify and harness the benefits while mitigating the risks created by the new technologies. At the World Bank's request, RAND Europe helped develop a framework for thinking about ICT use in MENA. The report builds on an earlier research which benchmarked indicators for the knowledge economy in the region, analysing associations between indicators of ICT diffusion and development.

Labor issues, healthcare, education, social programs, and other factors affecting economic development in Latin America were the focus of a two-day conference in Santiago, Chile. RAND researchers joined university colleagues, industry experts, government leaders, and policymakers in discussing a range of critical topics.