Socio-Economic Status and Health

Growing policy concern about changes in social welfare policy and family and child health and well-being is reflected in the program's demographic and economic research. Over the past two decades, program staff have studied how social welfare programs affect child and adult health, and their choices regarding fertility, family formation, labor supply, and other life course decisions. Related research examines the role of families and private sector institutions in providing a "safety net" for families and children. Recently, the program has also increased its consideration of the impact of welfare reform at the national, state and local level on demographic and economic outcomes.

View Publications | View ProjectsPublications in this area:

Adamson, David, Policy and Health In Asia: Demographic and Epidemiologic Transitions, RB-5036, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2000.

Andreyeva, Tatiana, Pierre-Carl Michaud and Arthur van Soest, Obesity and Health in Europeans Ages 50 and Above, WR-331, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2005 (available in PDF).

Aneshensel, Carol S., and Clea A. Sucoff, "The Neighborhood Context of Adolescent Mental Health," Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 37, December 1996, pp. 293-310 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-631).

Banks, James, Arie Kapteyn, James P. Smith, and Arthur van Soest, International Comparisons of Work Disability, WR-155, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2004 (available in PDF).

Barger, Suzanne, Emily Agree, and Vicki A. Freedman, Implications of Population Aging for Geriatric Health, RP-792, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1999.

Beckett, Megan K., "Converging Health Inequalities in Later Life--an Artifact of Mortality Selection?" Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol 41, 2000, pp. 106-119 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-884).

Beckett, Megan K., and Marc N. Elliott, Does the Association Between Marital Status and Health Vary by Sex, Race, and Ethnicity? DRU-2869-NIA, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2002 (available in PDF).

Beckett, Megan K., and Marc N. Elliott,"Mortality and Sample Selection: Reply to Noymer," Journal of Health & Social Behavior, Vol. 42, No. 3, 2001, pp. 328-331 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-1000).

Beckett, Megan K., Maxine Weinstein, Noreen Goldman, and Lin Yu-Hsuan,"Do Health Interview Surveys Yield Reliable Data on Chronic Illness Among Older Respondents?" American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 151, No. 3, 2000, pp. 315-323 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-882).

Beckett, Megan, K., Noreen Goldman, Maxine Weinstein, I-fen Lin, and Yi-li Chuang, "Social Environment, Life Challenge, and Health Among the Elderly in Taiwan," Social Science and Medicine, 2002, pp. 191-209 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-1014).

Beckett, Megan K., Noreen Goldman, Maxine Weinstein, I-fen Lin, and Yi-li Chuang, "Social Environment, Stress, and Health among the Elderly in Taiwan," Social Science & Medicine, forthcoming.

Beegle, Kathleen, Elizabeth Frankenberg, and Duncan Thomas, "Bargaining Power Within Couples and Use of Prenatal and Delivery Care in Indonesia," Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 32, No. 2, 2001, pp. 130-146. (also available as RAND Reprint RP-964).

Bitler, Marianne P., Jonah B. Gelbach, and Hilary W. Hoynes, Welfare Reform and Health, WR-102-1-NICHD/NIA, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2004 (available in PDF).

Cox, Amy G., Jacob Alex Klerman, and Ingrid Aguirre Happoldt, "Medi-Cal After Welfare Reform: Enrollment Among Former Welfare Recipients," Medi-Cal Policy Institute Issue Brief Number 4, 2001, pp. 1-12 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-1007).

Currie, Janet, "Child Health in Developed Countries," in J. P. Newhouse and A. J. Culyer, eds., The Handbook of Health Economics, Amsterdam: North Holland, 2000, p. Chapter 19.

Currie, Janet, "Do Children of Immigrants Make Differential Use of Public Health Insurance?" in G. Borjas, ed., Issues in Immigration, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000, pp. 271-308.

Currie, Janet, Do Immigrant Children Use Medicaid Differently? RB-5033, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2000.

Currie, Janet, and Jon Gruber, "Public Health Insurance and Medical Treatment: The Equalizing Impact of the Medicaid Expansions," Journal of Public Economics, forthcoming.

Currie, Janet, and Duncan Thomas, "Medical Care for Children: Public Insurance, Private Insurance, and Racial Differences in Utilization," Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 30, No. 1, Winter 1995, pp. 135-162 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-397).

Currie, Janet, and Aaron Yelowitz, "Health Insurance and Less Skilled Workers," in D. Card and R. Blank, eds., Finding Jobs: Work and Welfare Reform, New York: Russell Sage, 2000.

DaVanzo, Julie S., "Infant Mortality and Socioeconomic Development: Evidence from Malaysian Household Data," Demography, Vol. 25, No. 4, November 1988, pp. 581-595.

DaVanzo, Julie, Clifford A. Grammich, Russia's Mortality Crisis: Drinking, Disease, and Deteriorating Health Care, RB-5056, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2001.

DaVanzo, Julie, and Joanne Leslie, Using Quantitative & Qualitative Research Methodologies for Understanding Infant Feeding Practices **SECOND TITLE** Infant Feeding and Weaning Practices in the North-West and South-West Provinces of Cameroon: Evidence from Focus Group Discussions, RP-995, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2002.

Kuate-Defo, Barthelemy, "Areal and Socioeconomic Differentials in Infant and Child Mortality in Cameroon," Social Science & Medicine," Vol. 42, No. 3, 1996, pp. 399-420 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-498).

Kuate-Defo, Barthelemy, and Julie S. DaVanzo, Data on Reasons for No or Short Breastfeeding: Are They Reliable and Do They Help Us Understand Infant Feeding Behavior? DRU-1305, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1996.

Dow, William H., Paul J. Gertler, Robert F. Schoeni, John Strauss, and Duncan Thomas, Health Care Prices, Health and Labor Outcomes: Experimental Evidence, DRU-1588, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1997.

Dow, William H., Jose Gomez de Leon, Erik Bloom, Ricardo Bitran, Beatriz Straffon, and Monica Orozc, "The Demand for Health Care in Mexico," Mexico: National Population Council, 1995.

Eloundou-Enyegue, Parfait, and Julie S. DaVanzo. Economic Downturns and Schooling Inequality, Cameroon 1987-95. Population Studies, Volume 57, Issue 2, pp.183-197 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-1102).

Finch, Brian Karl, Designing Multidisciplinary Biobehavioral Research on Prematurity and LBW: Methodological Considerations, DRU-3113, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2003.

Finch, Brian Karl, "Early Origins of the Gradient: The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Infant Mortality in the United States," Demography, Vol. 40, No. 4, November 2003, pp. 675-699 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-1104).

Fonseca, Raquel, Pierre-Carl Michaud, Thepthida Sopraseuth, Entrepreneurship, Wealth, Liquidity Constraints and Start-up Costs, WR-500.

Frankenberg, Elizabeth, "The Impact of Health Infrastructure on Infant Mortality in Indonesia: A Fixed Effects Approach to Evaluating Health Services," Health Transitions Review, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1994, pp. 143-162.

Frankenberg, Elizabeth, and Duncan Thomas, Women's Health and Pregnancy Outcomes: Does Access to Services Make a Difference, DRU-2329-NIH, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2000.

Frankenberg, Elizabeth, Wayan Suriastini, and Duncan Thomas, "Nutritional Status in Indonesia: Evidence from the 1993 Indonesian Family Life Survey," Journal of Population, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 1996 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-650).

Frankenberg, Elizabeth, Kathleen Beegle, Bondan Sikoki, and Duncan Thomas, Health, Family Planning and Well-being During a Financial Crisis: Early Results from the Indonesian Family Life Surveys, DRU-2013, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1999.

Freedman, Vicki A., "Long-Term Admissions to Home Health Agencies: A Life Table Analysis," The Gerontologist, Vol. 39, No. 1, February 1999, pp. 16-24 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-764).

Freedman, Vicki A., "Family Structure and the Risk of Nursing Home Admission," Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, Vol. 51B, No. 2, 1996, pp. P55-P63 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-522).

Freedman, Vicki A., and Peter Kemper, "The Design of Home Care Benefits: The Range of Options and Experience," Journal of Aging and Social Policy, Vol. 7, No. 3/4, 1996, pp. 129-148.

Freedman, Vicki A., and Linda G. Martin, "The Role of Education in Explaining and Forecasting Trends in Functional Limitations Among Older Americans," Demography, Vol. 36, No. 4, 1999, pp. 461-473 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-887).

Freedman, Vicki A., and Linda G. Martin, Trends in Functional Limitations: Are Older Americans Living Longer and Better? RB-5021, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1998.

Freedman, Vicki A., and Linda G. Martin, "Understanding Trends in Functional Limitations Among Older Americans," American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 88, No. 10, 1998, pp. 1437-1462 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-732).

Freedman, Vicki A., and James D. Reschovsky, "Differences Across Payors in Charges for Agency-Based Home Health Services: Evidence from the National Home and Hospice Care Survey," Health Services Research, Vol. 32, No. 4, 1997, pp. 433-452 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-670).

Garces, Eliana, Duncan Thomas, and Janet Currie, Longer Term Effects of Head Start, DRU-2439, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2000.

Gertler, Paul J., "AIDS and the Family: Economic Consequences and Policy Responses in Asia," Asian Development Review, forthcoming.

Gertler, Paul J., "Medicaid and the Cost of Improving Access to Nursing Home Care," The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 74, No. 2, 1992, pp. 338-345.

Gertler, Paul J., and Roland Sturm, "Private Health Insurance and Public Expenditures in Low Income Countries," Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 77, 1997, pp. 237-257.

Gertler, Paul J., and Roland Sturm, Using Private Health Insurance to Reduce and Better Target Public Expenditures, DRU-977, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1994.

Gertler, Paul J., and Donald M. Waldman, Government Policy and the Cost and Quality of Nursing Homes, RB-5012, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1996.

Gertler, Paul J., and Donald M. Waldman, Why Are Not-for-Profit Nursing Homes More Costly? DRU-723, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1994.

Gertler, Paul J., and Donald M. Waldman, "Quality Adjusted Cost Functions and Policy Evaluation in the Nursing Home Industry," Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 100, No. 6, 1992, pp. 1232-1256.

Gertler, Paul J., Roland Sturm, and Bruce Davidson, Information and the Demand for Supplemental Medicare Insurance, DRU-477, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1993.

Gertler, Paul J., M. Omar. Rahman, Deanna Ashley, and Kristin Fox, "Determinants of Pregnancy Outcomes and Targeting of Maternal Health Services in Jamaica," Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 37, No. 2, 1993, pp. 199-211.

Goldman, Dana P., and Nicole Maestas, Medical Expenditure Risk and Household Portfolio Choice, WR-325, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2005.

Goldman, Dana P., and James P. Smith, "Socioeconomic Differences in the Adoption of New Medical Technologies," The American Economic Review, Vol. 95, No. 2, pp. 234-237, 2005 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-1199).

Goldman, Dana P., and James P. Smith, "Can Patient Self-Management Help Explain the SES Health Gradient?" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 99, No. 16, 2003, pp.10929-10934 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-1056).

Goldman, Dana P., and James P. Smith, "Can Patient Self-Management Help Explain the SES Health Gradient?" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2002 (available in PDF).

Goldman, Dana P., and James P. Smith, "Commentary: Methodological Biases in Estimating the Burden of Out-of-Pocket Expenses," Health Services Research, Vol. 35, No. 6, 2001, pp. 1357-1365 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-945).

Goldman, Dana P., Paul J. Gertler, and James P. Smith, Evaluating Health Care Reform Using the Health and Retirement Survey: A Case Study of the Health Security Act of 1993, DRU-669, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1994.

Goldman, Dana P., Paul J. Gertler, and James P. Smith, The Impact of Regulation and Financial Incentives on Cost-of-Illness, DRU-823, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1994.

Goldman, Noreen, Anne R. Pebley, and Megan Beckett, "Diffusion of Ideas about Personal Hygiene and Contamination in Poor Countries: Evidence from Guatemala," Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 52, 2001, pp. 53-59.

Goldman, Noreen, Barbara Vaughan, and Anne R. Pebley, "The Use of Calendars to Measure Child Illness in Health Interview Surveys," International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 27, 1998, pp. 505-512.

Gresenz, Carole Roan, and Jacob Alex Klerman, "Beyond Medi-Cal: Health Insurance Coverage Among Former Welfare Recipients," Medi-Cal Policy Institute, 2002 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-1005).

Haaga, John, Christine E. Peterson, Julie S. DaVanzo, and Sharon Mengchee Lee, Health Status and Family Support of Older Malaysians, DRU-378, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1993.

Haaga, John, Mechanisms for the Association of Maternal Age, Parity, and Birth Spacing with Infant Health, N-2991-RF, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1991.

Habicht, Jean P, Julie S. DaVanzo, and William P. Butz, "Mother's Milk and Sewage: Their Interactive Effects on Infant Mortality," Pediatrics, Vol. 81, No. 3, March 1988, pp. 456-461.

Haider, Steven , Alison Jacknowitz, and Robert F. Schoeni, Welfare Work Requirements and Individual Well-Being: Evidence from the Effects on Breastfeeding, DRU-2730, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2002.

Heron, Melonie P., and Leo S. Morales, Latino Health, Nativity and Socioeconomic Status, DRU-2861-NIA, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2002.

Heron, Melonie P., Robert F. Schoeni and Leo S. Morales, Health Status of Older Immigrants in the United States, DRU-2862-NIA, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2002 (available in PDF).

Hunter, Lori, Report: The Environmental Implications of Population Dynamics, MR-1191-WFHF/RF/DLPF, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2000 (also available in PDF).

Hurd, Michael D., "Anchoring and Acquiescence Bias in Measuring Assets in Household Surveys," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Vol. 19, No. 1-3, January 1999, pp. 111-136.

Hurd, Michael D., Mortality Risk and Consumption by Couples, DRU-2061, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1999.

Hurd, Michael D., and Arie Kapteyn, Health, Wealth, and the Role of Institutions, DRU-3006, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2003.

Hurd, Michael D., and Kathleen McGarry, "Medical Insurance and the Use of Health Care Services by the Elderly," Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 16, 1997, pp. 129-154.

Hurd, Michael D., James P. Smith; and Julie M. Zissimopoulos, The Effects of Subjective Survival on Retirements and Social Security Claiming, DRU-3008, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2003.

Hurd, Michael D., Beth Soldo, Willard Rodgers, and Robert Wallace, "Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest-Old: An Overview of the Survey," Journal of Gerontology, Vol. 52B, 1997, pp. 1-20.

Johansen, Anne S., Arleen Leibowitz, and Linda J. Waite, "Child Care and Children's Illness," American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 78, No. 9, 1988, pp. 1175-1177.

Kapteyn, Arie, Pierre-Carl Michaud, James Smith, Arthur Van Soest,Effects of Attrition and Non-Response in the Health and Retirement Study, WR-407.

Kapteyn, Arie, James P. Smith, Arthur van Soest, Self-reported Work Disability in the US and The Netherlands, WR-206, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2004.

Kapur, Kanika, M. Rebecca Kilburn, and C. Christine Fair, An Analysis of the Child and Adult Care Food Program in Child are Centers, MR-1167.0-USDAFNS, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1999.

Karoly, Lynn A., and Jeannette A. Rogowski, "Retiree Health Benefits and Retirement Behavior: Implications for Health Policy," Health Benefits and the Workforce, Vol. 2, Washington, DC: US Department of Labor, Pension and Welfare Benefits Association, 1998, pp. 43-71 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-836).

Karoly, Lynn A., and Jeannette A. Rogowski, "The Effect of Access to Post-Retirement Health Insurance on the Decision to Retire Early," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 48, No. 1, October 1994, pp. 103-123 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-360).

Kington, Raynard, and James P. Smith, "Socioeconomic Status and Racial and Ethnic Differences in Functional Status Associated with Chronic Diseases," American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 87, No. 5, May 1997, pp. 805-810.

Kington, Raynard, Lee Lillard, and Jeannette Rogowski, Three Aspects of Health, Well-Being, and the Effective Functioning of the Elderly, RB-5016, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1998.

Kington, Raynard, Lee Lillard, and Jeannette Rogowski, "Reproductive History, Socioeconomic Status, and Self-Reported Health Status of Women Aged 50 Years or Older," American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 87, No. 1, January 1996, pp. 33-37.

Kington, Raynard, Jeannette Rogowski, and Lee A. Lillard, "Dental Expenditures and Insurance Coverage Among Older Adults," The Gerontologist, Vol. 35, No. 4, 1995, pp. 436-443 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-475).

Kington, Raynard, Lee A. Lillard, Jeannette Rogowski, and Paul Lee, "The Functional Associations of 'Trouble Seeing'," Journal of General Internal Medicine, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1997, pp. 125-127.

Kington, Raynard, David Reuben, Jeannette Rogowski, and Lee A. Lillard, "Sociodemographic and Health Factors in Driving Patterns After Fifty Years of Age," American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 84, No. 8, 1994, pp. 1327-1329 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-340).

Kington, Raynard, David Reuben, Jeannette Rogowski, and Lee A. Lillard, Health Status and Driving After Age 50, DRU-318, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1993.

Klerman, Jacob Alex, Pitfalls of Panel Data: The Case of the SIPP Health Insurance Data, RP-111, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2004.

Klerman, Jacob Alex, A Random-Effects Approach to Attrition Bias in the SIPP Health Insurance Data, RP-118, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2004.

Klerman, Jacob Alex, and Dana P. Goldman, "Job Loss Due to Health Insurance Mandates," Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 272, No. 7, August 17 1994, pp. 552-556 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-332).

Klerman, Jacob Alex, Jeanne S. Ringel, and Beth Roth, Under-Reporting of Medicaid and Welfare in the Current Population Survey, WR-169, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2005.

Klerman, Lorraine V., and Jacob Alex Klerman, "More Evidence for the Public Health Value of Family Planning," American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 84, No. 9, 1994, pp. 1377-1378 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-349).

Kuate-Defo, Barthelemy, Julie S. DaVanzo, and Joanne Leslie, "Using Quantitative & Qualitative Research Methodologies for Understanding Infant Feeding Practices (Chapter 2)," Nutrition and Child Health in Cameroon, Barthelemy Kuate-Defo, ed., 2001, pp. 53-78.

Lakdawalla, Darius, and Tomas Philipson, The Rise in Old-Age Longevity and the Market for Long-Term Care, The American Economic Review, Vol. 92, No. 1, 2002, pp. 295-306.

Lakdawalla, Darius, Jayanta Bhattacharya, Dana P. Goldman, Michael D. Hurd, Geoffrey Joyce, and Constantijn W. A. Panis, Forecasting the Nursing Home Population, Medical Care, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2003, pp. 8-20, LRP-200300-01.

Lavy, Victor, John Strauss, Duncan Thomas, and Philippe de Vreyer, "Quality of Health Care, Survival and Health Outcomes in Ghana," Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 15, 1996, pp. 333-357 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-570).

Lee, Paul P., James P. Smith, and Raynard S. Kington, "The Associations between Self-rated Vision and Hearing and Functional Status in Middle Age," Ophthalmology, Vol. 106, No. 2, 1999, pp. 401-405 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-788).

Lee, Paul P., James P. Smith, and Raynard S. Kington, "The Unique Relationships of Self-Rated Vision and Hearing to Functional Status and Well-Being Among Seniors 70 Years and Older," American Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol. 127, No. 4, 1999, pp. 447-452.

Lillard, Lee A., and M. Rebecca Kilburn, Intergenerational Earnings Links: Sons and Daughters, DRU-1125, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1995.

Lillard, Lee A., and Constantijn W.A. Panis, Health, Marriage, and Longer Life for Men, RB-5018, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1998.

Lillard, Lee A., and Constantijn W. A. Panis, "Marital Status and Mortality: The Role of Health," Demography, Vol. 33, No. 3, August 1996, pp. 313-327.

Lillard, Lee A., and Jeannette Rogowski, Does Supplemental Private Insurance Increase Medicare Costs? DRU-1124, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1995.

Lillard, Lee A., and Yoram Weiss, Balancing Act: How Retired Couples Allocate Resources in the Face of Illness and Death, RB-5019, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1998.

Lillard, Lee A., and Yoram Weiss, "Uncertain Health and Survival: Effects on End of Life Consumption," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1997, pp. 254-268.

Lillard, Lee, Jeannette Rogowski, and Raynard Kington, Insurance Coverage for Prescription Drugs: Effects on Use and Expenditures in the Medicare Population, DRU-2073, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1999.

Lillard, Lee, Jeannette Rogowski, and Raynard Kington, "Long-Term Determinants of Supplemental Health Insurance Coverage in the Medicare Population," The Gerontologist, Vol. 37, No. 3, 1997, pp. 314-323 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-654).

Loughran, David S., Ashlesha Datar, and M. Rebecca Kilburn, The Interactive Effect of Birth Weight and Parental Investment on Child Test Scores, WR-168, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2004 (available in PDF).

Martin, Linda G., and Beth J. Soldo eds., Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Health of Older Americans, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1997.

Mauldin, Jane, Arleen Leibowitz, Joan L. Buchanan, Cheryl Damberg, and Kimberly A. McGuigan, "Rationing or Rationalizing Children's Medical Care: Comparison of a Medicaid HMO with Fee-for-Service Care," American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 84, No. 6, June 1994.

Michaud, Pierre-Carl , Arthur van Soest, Health and Wealth of Elderly Couples: Causality Tests Using Dynamic Panel Data Models, WR-191, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2004 (available in PDF).

Morrison, Peter A., Healthier Childhoods and Family Responsibility: Two Issue Papers, P-7788, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1992.

Panis, Constantijn W. A., and Lee A. Lillard, "Child Mortality in Malaysia: Explaining Ethnic Differences and the Recent Decline," Population Studies, Vol. 49, No. 3, November 1995, pp. 463-479 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-494).

Panis, Constantijn W. A., and Lee A. Lillard, "Health Inputs and Child Mortality: Malaysia," Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 13, 1994, pp. 455-489.

Peabody, John W., and Paul J. Gertler, "Are Clinical Criteria Just Proxies for Socioeconomic Status? A study of Low Birthweight in Jamaica," Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 51, No. 1, 1997, pp. 90-95.

Peabody, John W., and Paul J. Gertler, Targeting Low Birthweight Interventions in Jamaica, DRU-783-NICHD, Santa Monica, CA: 1994.

Peabody, John W., Keith Edwards, Susan C. Maerki, and John W. Molyneaux, Papua New Guinea National Health Plan Technical Report: The Epidemiologic, Economic and Organization Analysis, DRU-1223-ADB, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1995.

Peabody, John W., M. Omar Rahman, Kristin Fox, and Paul J. Gertler, "Public and Primary Delivery of Health Care Services in Jamaica: A Comparison of Quality in Different Types of Facilities," Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization, 1993.

Peabody, John W., M. Omar Rahman, Paul Gertler, Joyce Mann, Donna O. Farley, Jeffrey Luck, David Robalino, and R. Carter, Policy and Health in Asia, Financing and Allocating Public Expenditures, RB-5069, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2003 (available in PDF).

Peabody, John W., M. Omar Rahman, Paul J. Gertler, Joyce Mann, Donna O. Farley, Jeff Luck, David Robalino, and Grace M. Carter, Policy and Health: Implications for Development in Asia Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Pebley, Anne R., "Health Cards, Maternal Reports, and the Measurement of Immunization Coverage in Guatemala," Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 38, No. 8, 1994, pp. 1075-1089.

Pebley, Anne R., and Julie S. DaVanzo, Maternal Depletion and Child Survival in Guatemala and Malaysia," DRU-379, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1993.

Pebley, Anne R., and Noreen Goldman, "La imunización en la niñez y los servicios relacionados al embarazo," Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, Vol. 10, No. 1, January-April 1995, pp. 167-180.

Pebley, Anne R., and Noreen Goldman, "Social Inequality and Children's Growth in Guatemala," Health Transition Review, Vol. 5, No. 1, April 1995, pp. 1-20.

Pebley, Anne R., and Noreen Goldman, "Childhood Immunization and Pregnancy Related Services in Guatemala," Health Transition Review, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1994, pp. 29-44.

Pebley, Anne R., Noreen Goldman, and German Rodriguez, "Prenatal and Delivery Care and Childhood Immunization in Guatemala: Do Family and Community Matter?" Demography, Vol. 33, No. 2, 1996, pp. 231-247; LRP-199605-02, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1998.

Pebley, Anne R., Elena Hurtado, and Noreen Goldman, "Beliefs About Children's Illness," Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 31, 1999, pp. 195-219.

Pebley, Anne R., Elena Hurtado, and Noreen Goldman, Beliefs About Children's Illness Among Rural Guatemalan Women, DRU-1448, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1996.

Peterson, Christine E., and Julie S. DaVanzo, "Why Are Teenagers in the U.S. Less Likely to Breastfeed than Older Women?" Demography, Vol. 29, August 1992, pp. 431-450.

Peterson, Christine E., Deborah Wesley and Nicholas Murray, The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey: Codebook for Community/Provider Survey, DRU-2018/5-NIA, 1999.

Peterson, Christine E., Deborah Wesley and Nicholas Murray, The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey: Codebook for Household Survey, DRU-2018/4-NIA, 1999.

Rahman, M. Omar, "Excess Mortality for the Non-Married in Rural Bangladesh," International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 22, No. 3, 1993, pp. 445-456.

Rahman, M. Omar, Gender Differences in Marriage and Mortality for Older Adults in Rural Bangladesh: Is Widowhood More Dangerous for Women than Men? DRU-491, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1993.

Rahman, M. Omar, "Health Response to Natural Disasters: The Case of the Bangladesh Cyclone of 1991," Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 36, No. 7, 1993, pp. 903-914.

Rahman, M. Omar, Jane Menken, Andy Foster, Paul Gertler, Mohammed Nizam Khan, Christine E. Peterson, and Randall Kuhn, The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey: Questionnaires for Household Survey, DRU-2018/2-NIA, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1999.

Rahman, M. Omar, Mizanur Rahman, Jane Menken, Andy Foster, Paul Gertler, Mohammed Nizam Khan, Christine E. Peterson, and Randall Kuhn, The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey: Questionnaires for Community/Provider Survey, DRU-2018/3-NIA, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1999.

Rahman, M. Omar, Mizanur Rahman, Jane Menken, Andy Foster, Paul Gertler, Mohammed Nizam Khan, Christine E. Peterson, and Randall Kuhn, The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey: Overview and User's Guide, DRU-2018/1-NIA, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1999.

Reardon, Elain, and Robert F. Schoeni, Lois Davis, Jacob Alex Klerman, Jeanne Ringel, John Henderson, Paul Steinberg, Sarah Remes, Laura Hickman, Eric Eide, Marian Bussey, and John Fluke, Countywide Evaluation of the Long-Term Family Self-Sufficiency Plan: Countywide Evaluation Report, MR-1533-LTFSS, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2002.

Reville, Robert T., and Robert F. Schoeni, Disability from Injuries at Work: The Effects on Earnings and Employment, DRU-2554, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2001 (available in PDF).

Rogowski, Jeannette A., and Lynn A. Karoly, "Health Insurance and Retirement Behavior: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Survey," Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2000, pp. 529-539 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-940).

Rogowski, Jeannette A., and Lynn A. Karoly, "COBRA Continuation Coverage: Effect on the Health Insurance Status of Early Retirees," Health Benefits and the Workforce, Vol. 2, Washington, DC: US Department of Labor, Pension and Welfare Benefits Association, 1998, pp. 73-93.

Rogowski, Jeannette A., and Lynn A. Karoly, "Retirement and Health Insurance Coverage," Health Benefits and the Workplace, Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992, pp. 117-138.

Rogowski, Jeannette, Lee A. Lillard, and Raynard Kington, Prescription Drugs and the Elderly: Policy Implications of Medicare Coverage, RB-5028, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1999.

Rogowski, Jeannette, Lee A. Lillard, and Raynard Kington, "The Financial Burden of Prescription Drug Use Among the Elderly," The Gerontologist, Vol. 37, No. 4, 1997, pp. 475-482.

Rogowski, Jeannette, Lynn A. Karoly, Jacob Alex Klerman, Robert T. Reville, Moira Inkelas, Jill Hoube, Melissa Rowe, Narayan Sastry, and Jennifer Hawes-Dawson, Background and Study Design Report for Policy Evaluation of the Effect of the 1996 Welfare Reform Legislation on SSI Benefits for Disabled Children, DRU-1808-SSA, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1998.

Sastry, Narayan, "Urbanization, Development, and Under Five-Mortality Differentials by Place of Residence in Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1970-1991" Demographic Research, Vol. 2, Article 14, April 16, 2004 (also available as RAND reprint RP-1115).

Sastry, Narayan, Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Under-Five Mortality: Evidence from Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1970-1991, DRU-2934-NICHD, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2003.

Sastry, Narayan, The Dangers of Smoke Haze: Mortality in Malaysia from Indonesian Forest Fires, RB-5066, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2002.

Sastry, Narayan, "Forest Fires, Air Pollution, and Mortality in Southeast Asia," Demography, Vol. 39, No. 1, 2001, pp. 1-23. (also available as RAND Reprint RP-998); DRU-2406, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2000.

Sastry, Narayan, "Family Level Clustering of Childhood Mortality Risk in Northeast Brazil," Population Studies, 1997, pp. 245-261 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-668).

Sastry, Narayan, "A Nested Frailty Model for Survival Data, With an Application to the Study of Child Survival in Northeast Brazil," Journal of American Statistical Association, Vol. 92, No. 438, June 1997, pp. 426-435 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-652).

Sastry, Narayan, "What Explains Rural-Urban Differentials in Child Mortality in Brazil?" Social Science Medicine, Vol. 44, No. 7, 1997, pp. 989-1002 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-651).

Sastry, Narayan, "Community Characteristics, Individual and Household Attributes, and Child Survival in Brazil," Demography, Vol. 33, No. 2, May 1996, pp. 211-229 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-653).

Sastry, Narayan, A Multilevel Hazards Model for Hierarchically Clustered Data: Model Estimation and an Application to the Study of Child Survival in Northeast Brazil, DRU-1101, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1995.

Sastry, Narayan and Sarah Burgard, Diarrheal Disease and Its Treatment Among Brazilian Children: Stagnation and Progress over a Ten-Year Period, DRU-2806-NICHD, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2002 (available in PDF).

Sastry, Narayan, and Jon M. Hussey, "An Investigation of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Birthweight in Chicago Neighborhoods" Demography, Vol. 40, No. 4, November 2003, pp. 701-725 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-1105).

Sastry, Narayan, and Jon Hussey, Explaining Race and Ethnic Disparities in Birth Weight in Chicago Neighborhoods, DRU-2933, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2003.

Sastry, Narayan, and Anne R. Pebley, Neighborhood Effects on Adult Health in Los Angeles, DRU-2400/9-LAFANS (forthcoming)

Sastry, Narayan, and Anne R. Pebley, Neighborhood and Family Effects on Children's Health in Los Angeles, DRU-2400/11-LAFANS, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2003.

Schoeni, Robert F., Does Unemployment Insurance Displace Familial Assistance? DRU-2289, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2000.

Schoeni, Robert F., Vicki A. Freedman, and Robert B. Wallace, Persistent, Consistent, and Widespread? Another Look at Recent Trends in Old-Age Disability, DRU-2352-NIA, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2000.

Sherbourne, Cathy D, Ron Hays, Marital Status, Social Support, and Health Transitions in Chronic Disease, R-4044-NIA/NCHSR/RWJ/HJK/PCT/NIMH/RC, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1991.

Smith, James P., "Comment on 'Can Medical Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Identify the Value of Research?' by David Meltzer," in K. Murphy and R. Topel, eds., The Economic Value of Medical Research, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, forthcoming.

Smith. James P., The Impact of SES on Health over the Life-Course, WR-318, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2005 (available in PDF).

Smith, James P., "Healthy Bodies and Thick Wallets: The Dual Relation Between Health and Economic Status," Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 13, No. 2, Spring 1999, pp. 145-167 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-802).

Smith, James P., "Socioeconomic Status and Health," American Economic Review, Vol. 88, No. 2, May 1998, pp. 192-196 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-724).

Smith, James P., "Comments on 'Caring for the Elderly: Findings from the Asset and Health Dynamics Survey by Kathleen McGarry'," in D. Wise, ed. The Economics of Aging, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

Smith, James P., "Measuring Health and Economic Status of Older Adults in Developing Countries," The Gerontologist, Vol. 34, No. 4, August 1994, pp. 491-496 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-342).

Smith, James P., and Raynard S. Kington, "Demographic and Economic Correlates of Health in Old Age," Demography, Vol. 34, No. 1, February 1997, pp. 159-170 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-634).

Smith, James P., and Raynard S. Kington, "Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health in Late Life," in L. G. Martin and B. J. Soldo, eds., Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Health of Older Americans, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1997, pp. 106-162 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-681).

Smith, James P., and Robert Willis, eds., Wealth, Work and Health: Innovations in Measurement in the Social Sciences, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999.

Smith, James P., Raynard S. Kington, Linda G. Martin and Beth Soldo, The Relationship Between the Socioeconomic Status and Health of the Elderly, RB-5020, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1998.

Strauss, John, and Duncan Thomas, "Health, Nutrition, and Economic Development," Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. XXXVI, 1998, pp. 766-817 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-722).

Strauss, John, Paul J. Gertler, M. Omar Rahman, and Kristin Fox, "Gender and Life-Cycle Differentials in the Patterns and Determinants of Adult Health," Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 28, No. 4, Fall 1993, pp. 791-837 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-301).

Thomas, Duncan, "Like Father, Like Son; Like Mother, Like Daughter: Parental Resources and Child Height," Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 29, No. 4, Fall 1994, pp. 950-989 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-381).

Thomas, Duncan, and Elizabeth Frankenberg, The Measurement and Interpretation of Health in Social Surveys, DRU-2550-NIA, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2000 (available in PDF).

Thomas, Duncan, and John Strauss, "Health and Wages: Evidence on Men and Women in Urban Brazil," Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 77, 1997, pp. 159-185 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-633).

Thomas, Duncan, and John Strauss, "Prices, Infrastructure, Household Characteristics, and Child Height," Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 39, No. 2, 1992, pp. 301-332.

van Soest, Arthur, Arie Kapteyn, Tatiana Andreyeva, James P. Smith, Self Reported Disability and Reference Groups, WR-409.

Weden, Margaret M., Twentieth Century U.S. Racial Inequalities in Mortality: Changes in the Average Age of Death and the Variability in the Age of Death for White and non-White Men and Women, 1900-2002, WR-497.

Weden, Margaret M. and Ryan A. Brown, Historical and Life Course Timing of the Male Mortality Disadvantage in Europe: Epidemiologic Transitions, Evolution, and Behavior,, WR-498.

Yoon, Young Hee, and Linda J. Waite, "Converging Employment Patterns of Black, White, and Hispanic Women: Return to Work After First Birth," Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 56, February 1994, pp. 209-217 (also available as RAND Reprint RP-299).

Zissimopoulos, Julie, and Lynn A. Karoly, Transitions to Self-Employment at Older Ages: The Role of Wealth, Health, Health Insurance, and Other Factors, WR-135, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2003 (available in PDF).