A Review of the Scientific Literature as it Pertains to Gulf War Illnesses
Volume 5: Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents
That Iraq had already used chemical warfare agents led coalition forces to take protective action. Yet many Gulf War veterans have reported a host of symptoms that could be construed as coming from exposure to chemical or biological weapons. The scientific literature on the effects of exposure to such agents suggests the following: Militarily effective doses of any of the agents reviewed would have produced severe health effectsthat would have required clinical treatment or resulted in death. However, since low-level exposures could have produced mild clinical signs that could have been overlooked or misinterpreted, it is not possible to rule out low-dose exposures to one or several classes of agents or the possibility of some resultant contribution to some of the symptoms Gulf War veterans have experienced. Still, it is difficult to believe that exposures affecting largenumbers of persons would escape clinical recognition. Further, no references in the literature report clinical symptoms developing years after exposure, as was the case in about 50 percent of the health problems Gulf War veterans have reported.
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Document Details
- Copyright: RAND Corporation
- Availability: Available
- Format: Paperback
- Pages: 316
- List Price: $30.00
- Price: $24.00
- ISBN/EAN: 0-8330-2680-1
- Document Number: MR-1018/5-OSD
- Year: 2000
- Series: Monograph Reports
Contents
Preface PDF
Figures PDF
Tables PDF
Summary PDF
Foreword and Acknowledgments PDF
Glossary PDF
Chapter One
Introduction PDF
Chapter Two
Overview of Chemical and Biological Warfare PDF
Chapter Three
Skin-Damaging Agents PDF
Chapter Four
Toxins PDF
Chapter Five
Nerve Agents PDF
Chapter Six
Conclusions and Recommendations PDF
Appendix A
Dose and Exposure Characterizations PDF
Appendix B
Data on Nerve Agents PDF
Appendix C
Survey of C-fos PDF
Bibliography PDF
This research was sponsored by the RAND National Security Research Division and RAND Health.
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