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Is Military Advertising Effective?
An Estimation Methodology and Applications to Recruiting in the 1980s and 90s
The Department of Defense has been spending over $100 million annually on advertising to support recruiting. Previous econometric studies of military advertising’s effectiveness have relied on data from time periods unlike today’s and have used models possibly inappropriate for supporting decisionmakers addressing today’s policy issues. This report details improved methods developed to assess military advertising’s effectiveness and illustrates them using early 1980s and mid-1990s data. Several policy issues are addressed: How effective has advertising been in increasing enlistments? What media appear to be the most cost-effective? Will budget reallocation improve outcomes? Will an increased budget improve outcomes? An overview of trends in military advertising from 1986 to 1997 is included, as are the results of a search of literature on military advertising as well as in the areas of psychology, marketing, and economics pertaining to persuasion and consumer-product advertising. Application of the newly developed methods shows that the four services appear to have gained considerably from advertising and that in comparison to other alternatives, advertising appears to be an effective recruiting tool.
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Pages: 114
ISBN/EAN: 0-8330-3341-7
Contents
Summary PDF
All Prefatory Materials PDF
Chapter One:
Introduction PDF
Chapter Two:
Overview of Military Advertising PDF
Chapter Three:
Literature Review PDF
Chapter Four:
Additional Conceptual Issues PDF
Chapter Five:
Data Used to Develop New Methods for This Study PDF
Chapter Six:
New Econometric Specification PDF
Chapter Seven:
Estimates for the Army in the 1980s and Their Implications PDF
Chapter Eight:
Advertising Effectiveness from 1993 to 1997 PDF
Chapter Nine:
Conclusions PDF
Appendix:
Model Specification Tests and Time Period Comparisons PDF
Supplementary Materials PDF
The research described in this report was sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). The research was conducted in RAND's National Defense Research Institute, a federally funded research and development center.
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