Chapter Four

Policy Actions And Recommendations That Could Improve Interagency Coordination

Current government-wide policy covering negotiating and signing international agreements allows considerable latitude on the part of the agencies to determine when to establish formal cooperative relationships with other countries. The current mix of formal and informal coordination works well, according to agency officials. Nevertheless, the lack of a clear policy on when to enter into an agreement and at what level of formality to establish relations results in inconsistency across the agencies about how, when, and why to agree to cooperate. Moreover, lack of a central location for collecting agreements and providing information about them leads to some duplication of effort among the government agencies. One government official suggested that the current process of informal coordination has grown up largely because of the cumbersome nature of the formal interagency process, which takes months to complete and often holds up important international cooperative activities.

Three possible policy actions emerge from this research that, if implemented, could improve coordination when entering into agreements:

  1. rationalize the names of and purposes for different types of agreements

  2. create a central clearinghouse on the World Wide Web for ISTAs

  3. streamline the formal interagency coordination process.

Different agencies use different agreement vehicles and different negotiating strategies to enter into an international agreement. Rationalizing the terms of and descriptions for international agreements across agencies would enable comparison of the activities across the various agencies. Each agency uses its own names for agreements of different kinds, making it difficult to compare the formality of agreements across agencies. A formal definition of an MOU, for example, and when to enter into such an agreement like this could help make U.S. government activities more transparent.

Creating a central clearinghouse for information about ISTAs, perhaps using the World Wide Web as the place to store and obtain information on government agreements, could help government, industry, and academic researchers to find out more about supports in place to aid international cooperation. Although some of the international agreements are available at the Web sites of the Department of Commerce and the Department of State, these lists only scratch the surface of the number of agreements these agencies have already entered into. Such a data set could provide useful information when an agency begins to discuss cooperation with its foreign counterparts.

Finally, streamlining the formal Circular 175 process could increase the frequency with which it is used. For example, such new information tools as electronic information transfer could be used to alert interested agencies when an agreement is being negotiated and, simultaneously, to solicit comments from these agencies. Increased use of the Circular 175 process would enable the Department of State to become aware of more of the international cooperation the agencies are initiating, as well as enable the agencies to track the activities of their counterparts in other agencies.


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