I Want You! The Evolution of the All-Volunteer Army

Chapter Four

The President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force – the Gates Commission – and Selective Service Reform (1969-1970)

References

Allott, Gordon, “Military Pay Amendments of June 8, 1971,” Dear Colleague letter to Members of the U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C., September 29, 1971. webS0057.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

Anderson, Martin C., “Information from President-Elect Nixon to Secretary-Designate Laird,” memorandum to Secretary-Designate Melvin R. Laird, New York, December 24, 1968. webG1130.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

---, “Draft of ‘Secretary’s Laird’s Answer to President’s Directive in Regard to the All- Volunteer Armed Force’,” Washington, D.C., February 2, 1969a. webA0003.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Secretary’s Laird’s Answer to President’s Directive in Regard to the All-Volunteer Armed Force,” memorandum to Arthur Burns, Washington, D.C., February 3, 1969b. webA0002.pdf^{0.6 MB}.

---, “A Move to a Lottery,” memorandum to Arthur Burns, Washington, D.C., March 3, 1969c. webA0004.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

---, “First Meeting of the President’s Commission on a All-Volunteer Armed Force,” memorandum to Dwight Chapin, Washington, D.C., April 23, 1969d. webG1077.pdf^{0.4 MB}.

---, “Lottery Legislation Recently Submitted by Defense Department,” memorandum to Arthur Burns, Washington, D.C., April 24, 1969e. webG1462.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Publication of the Report of the President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force as a Paperback Book,” memorandum to Ken Cole, Washington, D.C., December 4, 1969f. webG1080.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “Development of Presidential Message on All-Volunteer Armed Force,” memorandum to Ken Cole, Washington, D.C., January 10, 1970a. webA0012.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

---, “Remarks by Secretary Laird on the Feasibility of an All-Volunteer Armed Force,” memorandum to John Ehrlichman, Washington, D.C., January 30b, 1970. webG1464.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force,” memorandum to Dwight Chapin, Washington, D.C., February 2, 1970c. webG1082.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “1st Meeting of Task Force on All-Volunteer Armed Force,” memorandum for file Washington, D.C., February 7, 1970d. webA0008.pdf^{0.6 MB}.

---, “Summary of Report of the President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force,” memorandum to Henry Kissinger, Washington, D.C., February 17, 1970e. webG1085.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “Attendance at presentation of the report of the Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force,” memorandum to Steve Bull, Washington, D.C., February 18, 1970f. webG1088.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Meeting with Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., February 21, 1970g. webG1089.pdf^{0.7 MB}.

---, “Meeting with the President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force,” memorandum for the President’s file Washington, D.C., February 21, 1970h. webG1156.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

---, “Alternative Option for All-Volunteer Armed Force discussed at meeting on March 2, 1970,” memorandum to Ken BeLieu, William Brehm, David Callard, Chuck Colson, John Court, Steve Enke, Peter Flanigan, General Haig, Roger Kelley, William Meckling, Jon Rose, Jim Schlesinger, Tom Stanners and Paul Wollstadt, Washington, D.C., March 2, 1970i. webA0009.pdf^{2.6 MB}.

---, “All-Volunteer Armed Force,” memorandum (draft) to Kenneth BeLieu, John Ehrlichman, Peter Flanigan, General Haig, Roger Kelley, Henry Kissinger, Secretary Laird, Robert Mayo and Jim Schlesinger, Washington, D.C., March 17, 1970j. webL0018.pdf^{4.6 MB}.

---, Martin Anderson’s Personal Notes from AVAF/Draft Reform Meeting held in John Ehrlichman’s Office on March 17, 1970, Washington, D.C., March 17, 1970k. webA0010.pdf^{1.7 MB}.

---, “All-Volunteer Force and Draft Reform,” decision memorandum to John Ehrlichman, Washington, D.C., March 31, 1970m. webG1142.pdf^{3.5 MB}.

---, “Staff Action Concerning a Armed Forces Medical School,” file notes, Washington, D.C., 1971. webG1470.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, The Making of the All-Volunteer Armed Force, Palo Alto, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1991.

---, “Interview with Bernard Rostker,” October 1, 2001.

Annunziata, Joseph, Press Reaction to the Administration’s Plan for an All-Volunteer Force by July 1, 1973 (August 1970-August 1971), Washington, D.C.: Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs), August 27, 1971. webG0229.pdf^{1.8 MB}.

ASD[ISA] — See Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs.

Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, “Draft Reform and the Elimination of Draft Calls (NSDM 53),” memorandum to Deputy Secretary of Defense, Secretaries of the Military Departments, Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff, Assistant Secretaries of Defense, General Counsel and Assistant to the Secretary (Legislative Affairs), Washington, D.C., April 17, 1970. webL0023.pdf^{1.0 MB}.

Baroody, William J., Jr., “Random Selection System,” memorandum to Curtis W. Tarr, Washington, D.C., April 27, 1970. webL0035.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

Beecher, William, “Pentagon Orders a Study of All-Volunteer Force,” New York Times, October 20, 1968.

BeLieu, Ken, “Director of Selective Service Charles DiBona,” memorandum to Bryce Harlow, Washington, D.C., January 27, 1970a. webG1039.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

---, “Director of Selective Service,” memorandum to Bryce Harlow, Washington, D.C., January 28, 1970b. webG1040.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

Brown, Harold, “Proposed Military Pay Reform,” memorandum to Deputy Secretary of Defense, Washington, D.C., February 10, 1969. webG1446.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

Buchanan, Patrick, “I Have Been Detailed,” memorandum to Martin C. Anderson, Washington, D.C., March 5, 1970. webA0006.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

Bullen, Dana, “Tarr Backs Draft Reforms, Wins Senate Panel Approval,” Washington Star, March 19, 1970. webG1137.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

Burns, Arthur F., Suggestions for Early Action and Considerations, or Pronouncement: A Report to the President-Elect, New York: Program Coordination Group, January 6, 1969. webS0034.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

Butterfield, Alexander P., “Credit for the Creation of the All-Volunteer Force,” memorandum to John Ehrlichman, Washington, D.C., August 8, 1969. webG1078.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

Callard, David J., “Generating More Interest in the Commission’s Work,” memorandum to Martin C. Anderson, Washington, D.C., September 18, 1969a. webG1465.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Printing of Commission’s Final Report,” memorandum to Martin C. Anderson, Washington, D.C., November 26, 1969b. webG1079.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “Meeting with Senators Stennis and Smith, January 30, 1970,” memorandum Washington, D.C., January 30, 1970a. webG1136.pdf^{0.5 MB}.

---, “Public Relations Regarding an All-Volunteer Force,” memorandum to Robert Odel, Washington, D.C., March 11, 1970b. webG1133.pdf^{1.9 MB}.

Chafee, John H., “Proposed Military Pay Reform,” memorandum to Deputy Secretary of Defense, Washington, D.C., February 10, 1969. webG1445.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

Chapin, Dwight L., “Meeting to Receive the Report of the President’s Commission on an All- Volunteer Armed Force,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., February 11, 1970a. webG1081.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “The All-Volunteer Army Task Force Meeting,” memorandum to H. R. Haldeman, Washington, D.C., February 18, 1970b. webG1090.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

Cole, Ken, “The President Has Decided,” memorandum to Henry Kissinger, Martin C. Anderson, John Ehrlichman, Bill Timmons and Peter Flanigan, Washington, D.C., April 9, 1970. webA0005.pdf^{0.6 MB}.

Davis, Jeanne W., “Draft Reform and the All-Volunteer Forces: Paper,” memorandum to Office of the Vice President, Office of the Secretary of State, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Office of the Director Emergency Preparedness, Office of the Director Selective Service System, Office of the Attorney General, Office of the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff, Peter Flanigan, Martin C. Anderson, John Ehrlichman and Office of the Under Secretary of State, Washington, D.C., March 23, 1970. webL0019.pdf^{5.3 MB}.

Enke, Stephen, Draft Deferments and Exemptions from Selective Service, Washington, D.C.: National Security Council, NSSM-78, December 18, 1969. webG1143.pdf^{5.7 MB}.

---, “Agency Comments on NSSM-78,” memorandum to Dee Ingold, Jonathan Rose and Martin C. Anderson, Washington, D.C., January 15, 1970a. webG1151.pdf^{0.6 MB}.

---, “Presidential Memo on Draft Reform,” memorandum to John Court, Jonathan Rose and Martin C. Anderson, Santa Barbara, Calif., January 22, 1970b. webG1149.pdf^{4.7 MB}.

---, “Scenarios for Integrating Interim Draft Reform Into the AVF,” memorandum to Paul Wollstadt, Washington, D.C., February 10, 1970c. webL0015.pdf^{1.0 MB}.

Feulner, Edwin J., Jr., For the Volunteer Army File, Washington, D.C.: Office of the Special Assistant to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense, March 26, 1969. webL0041.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

Fitt, Alfred B., “Manpower Procurement Planning Study,” memorandum to Assistant Secretaries of the Military Departments (M&RA), Washington, D.C., October 4, 1968a. webG0247.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Initiate a New Study on All Possible Ways to Maximize the Number of Volunteers,” memorandum to L. Mendel Rivers, Washington, D.C., October 17, 1968b. webG0248.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Study Plan for ‘Project Volunteer’,” memorandum to Assistant Secretaries of the Military Departments (M&RA), November 15, 1968c. webG0256.pdf^{0.7 MB}.

---, “Arguments Against a Special Commission,” memorandum to Melvin R. Laird, Washington, D.C., January 29, 1969a. webG0260.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “‘Project Volunteer’ Instead of Nixon’s Special Commission,” memorandum to Melvin R. Laird, Washington, D.C., January 29, 1969b. webG0261.pdf^{0.5 MB}.

---, “Selective Service Matters,” memorandum to Secretary Laird, Washington, D.C., January 29, 1969c. webG0672.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “‘Alarmed at the course of action ...’ — NOT SENT,” memorandum to Melvin R. Laird, Washington, D.C., January 30, 1969d. webG0262.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

Flanigan, Peter M., “NSC Study of Selective Service Standards,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., October 6, 1969a. webG1033.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Meeting with Lieutenant General Lewis B. Hershey, Director of Selective Service,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., October 9, 1969b. webG1024.pdf^{0.5 MB}.

---, “Meeting with Lieutenant General Lewis B. Hershey, Director of Selective Service,” memorandum for the record to President’s File, Washington, D.C., October 14, 1969c. webG1025.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “Increased Concern About Statements Concerning the Lottery,” memorandum to Lewis B. Hershey, Washington, D.C., January 13, 1970a. webG1038.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “Personnel Actions: General Hershey’s Last Day,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., February 16, 1970b. webG1068.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “Meeting with Curtis W. Tarr Assistant Secretary of the Air Force,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., March 2, 1970c. webG1048.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Meeting with Curtis W. Tarr Assistant Secretary of the Air Force,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., March 3, 1970d. webG1047.pdf^{0.5 MB}.

---, “Experience Using Random Sequence Numbers,” memorandum to Colonel Dee Ingold Acting Director of Selective Service, Washington, D.C., March 4, 1970e. webG1049.pdf^{0.4 MB}.

---, “Draft Reform,” memorandum to Curtis W. Tarr Director of Selective Service, Washington, D.C., October 23, 1970f. webG1054.pdf^{1.4 MB}.

Flynn, George Q., Lewis B. Hershey, Mr. Selective Service, Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.

Ford, John J., 1971 Draft Bill, West Point, New York: U.S. Military Academy at West Point, November 25, 1980. G1389.mov

.

---, Looking Back on the Termination of the Draft, unpublished report, September 27, 2003. webS0881.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

Friedman, Milton, “The Draft,” Newsweek, March 11, 1968, p. 82.

---, “Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird,” letter to Melvin Laird, February 23, 1970a. webG0537.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “The End of the Draft?” Newsweek, March 16, 1970b, p. 90.

---, Two Lucky People, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

Gates, Thomas S. Jr., The Report of the President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, Washington, D.C., February 1970. webS0243.pdf^{6.7 MB}.

Gates, Thomas S. Jr., Martin C. Anderson, and Ronald L. Ziegler, “On the Report of the Gates Commission,” press conference Washington, D.C., February 21, 1970. webG0541.pdf^{0.8 MB}.

Greenberg, I. M., Project 100,000: New Standards Program, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense. webG1318.pdf^{2.2 MB}.

Haldeman, H. R., “President’s Decision to Replace General Hershey,” memorandum to Peter Flanigan, Washington, D.C., February 17, 1969a. webG1029.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “President is Anxious to Move Quickly on General Hershey,” memorandum to Peter Flanigan, Washington, D.C., April 28, 1969b. webG1030.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

Hershey, Lewis B., “Action to Modify the Draft,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., September 2, 1969a. webG1065.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

---, “Review of Selective Service Guidelines,” memorandum to Henry A. Kissinger, Washington, D.C., November 24, 1969b. webG1036.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “For the NSC Meeting on All-Volunteer Army and Draft Reform,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., March 25, 1970a. webG1154.pdf^{0.5 MB}.

---, “Policies for Congressional Hearing on Manpower Legislation,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., March 30, 1970b. webA0022.pdf^{0.7 MB}.

---, “Proposed Message to the Congress on an All-Volunteer Armed Force and Draft Reform,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., April 10, 1970c. webA0007.pdf^{1.0 MB}.

Hubbell, Lester, 1967 Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation, Vol. 1: Active Duty Compensation, Washington, D.C.: Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (M&RA), 1967. webS0022.pdf^{11.5 MB}.

Ingold, Dee, “National Calls Prorated Directly to Local Boards,” memorandum to Assistant to the President Peter M. Flanigan, Washington, D.C., March 2, 1970. webG1046.pdf^{0.5 MB}.

Kelley, Roger T., “Reform of Draft System Through Executive Action in Lieu of Legislation,” memorandum to Kenneth E. BeLieu Deputy Assistant to the President for Congressional Relations, Washington, D.C., August 13, 1969a. webG1066.pdf^{0.4 MB}.

---, “Department of Defense Views on Proposals Being Considered by the Commission Staff,” memorandum to Harry J. Gilman, Director of Military Manpower Supply and Compensation Studies, President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, Washing- ton, D.C., August 29, 1969b. webG1152.pdf^{0.6 MB}.

---, “Final Version of Dr. Enke’s Report, ‘The President’s Review of Deferments and Exemptions from Selective Service,’” memorandum to Secretary of Defense, Washington, D.C., February 16, 1970a. webG0507.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “Department of Defense Observations of the All-Volunteer Force,” memorandum to Special Consultant to the President Martin C. Anderson, Washington, D.C., February 27, 1970b. webG0534.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “Major Department of Defense Concerns About Gates Commission Report,” memorandum to Special Consultant to the President Martin C. Anderson, Washington, D.C., February 27, 1970c. webG0289.pdf^{0.9 MB}.

---, “Timetable,” memorandum to Secretary Laird, Washington, D.C., March 3, 1970d. webG0540.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “The President Has Decided,” memorandum to Secretary Laird, Washington, D.C., April 9, 1970e. webL0022.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

Kemp, Stewart W., “Productivity of U.S. Military Recruiting Systems,” in Gates Commission, ed., Studies Prepared for the President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970, pp. IV-4-1 through IV-4-19. webG1296.pdf^{5.8 MB}.

Kissinger, Henry A., “National Security Study Memorandum 78: Review of U.S. Deferment and Exemption Policy,” memorandum to Commerce Director of Selective Service Secretaries of Defense, Labor Health Education and Welfare, Director of the Bureau of the Budget, Director of the Office of Emergency Planning, Washington, D.C., October 8, 1969a. webG1155.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

---, “Draft Lottery Problems,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., December 26, 1969b. webG1117.pdf^{0.7 MB}.

---, “Presidential Meeting with Gates Commission,” memorandum to Hugh Sloan, Washington, D.C., February 16, 1970a. webG1084.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “NSC Meeting on All-Volunteer Army and Draft Reform,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., March 2, 1970b. webG1153.pdf^{3.4 MB}.

---, “Military Manpower and Congress,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., May 14, 1971. webG1102.pdf^{0.6 MB}.

Klein, Herbert G., “The Nixon Selective Service Plan,” memorandum to Peter M. Flanigan and John Ehrlichman, Washington, D.C., September 15, 1969. webG1032.pdf^{0.8 MB}.

Laird, Melvin R., “Response to President’s Memorandum on the All-Volunteer Force,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., January 31, 1969a. webG0259.pdf^{30.4 MB}.

---, “Selective Service Reforms,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., February 3, 1969b. webG0263.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “Response to Nixon’s February 6th Letter,” letter to the President of the United States, Washington, D.C., February 7, 1969c. webG0265.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Status on Progress on Selective Service Reform Legislation,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., April 30, 1969d. webG0684.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Status of the Draft Reform Proposal,” memorandum to John D. Ehrlichman, Counsel to the President, Washington, D.C., July 30, 1969e. webG0682.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Draft Reform,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., August 29, 1969f. webG1121.pdf^{0.7 MB}.

---, “Draft Reform,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., September 18, 1969g. webG1118.pdf^{0.4 MB}.

---, Secretary of Defense Statement on the Draft, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense, September 19, 1969h. webG1120.pdf^{0.6 MB}.

---, “Draft Review of Deferments and Exemptions from Selective Service (NSSM-78),” memorandum to Henry A. Kissinger, Washington, D.C., January 10, 1970a. webG1150.pdf^{1.5 MB}.

---, Remarks before 1970 Senate Youth Program Group, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense, January 19, 1970b. webG1463.pdf^{0.5 MB}.

---, “In response to your letter concerning my statement on Meet the Press,” letter to Milton Friedman, Washington, D.C., March 4, 1970c. webG0539.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Future of the Draft,” memorandum to the President of the United States, Washington, D.C., March 11, 1970d. webG0268.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

---, “Opposition to Terminating the Draft on July 1, 1971,” memorandum to Senator John C. Stennis, Washington, D.C., August 14, 1970e. webG1146.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

---, “Zero Draft Calls by July 1, 1973,” memorandum to Secretaries of the Military Department and Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff, Washington, D.C., October 12, 1970f. webG0511.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Support for a National University of the Health Sciences,” letter to Elliot Richardson, Washington, D.C., November 12, 1970g. webG1466.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Selective Service Act,” memorandum to Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, Washington, D.C., December 28, 1970h. webG0187.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “Program for Moving to Zero Draft Calls,” memorandum to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, Washington, D.C., January 26, 1971a. webL0029.pdf^{1.6 MB}.

---, “Third Quarterly Report,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., February 27, 1971b. webL0030.pdf^{2.2 MB}.

---, “Introduction,” in Barbara A. Bicksler, Curtis L. Gilroy and John T. Warner, eds., The All-Volunteer Force: Thirty Years of Service, Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, Inc., 2003a.

---, “Statement by Former Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird,” Conference Celebrating the 30th Anniversary of the All-Volunteer Force, Washington, D.C., September 16, 2003b.

Lee, Gus C., and Geoffrey Y. Parker, Ending the Draft: The Story of the All Volunteer Force, Washington, D.C.: Human Resources Research Organization, FR-PO-771, April 1977. webS0242.pdf^{21.7 MB}.

Lynn, Laurence E., Jr., “Peter M. Flanigan Memo on Draft Reform,” memorandum to Henry A. Kissinger, Washington, D.C., September 29, 1969. webG1119.pdf^{0.5 MB}.

Mack, W. P., Draft Presidential Announcement of the Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force with List of Commissioners as of February 22, 1969, Washington, D.C.: Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (M&RA), February 22, 1969.webL0002.pdf^{1.3 MB}.

Marshall, Burke, In Pursuit of Equity? Who Serves When Not All Serve?: Report of the National Advisory Commission on Selective Service, Washington, D.C.: National Advisory Commission on Selective Service, February 1967. webG1428.pdf^{9.2 MB}.

Mayo, Robert P., “Draft Reform and the All-Volunteer Armed Force,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., March 26, 1970. webG1145.pdf^{0.4 MB}.

McConnell, John P., “Proposed Military Pay Reform,” memorandum to Secretary of Defense, Washington, D.C., February 10, 1969. webG1447.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

Meckling, William H., “All-Volunteer Force,” memorandum to Martin C. Anderson, Washington, D.C., March 2, 1970. webA0011.pdf^{1.7 MB}.

Nixon, Richard M., “Plan for a Special Commission to Develop Plans to End the Draft,” memorandum to Melvin R. Laird, Washington, D.C., January 29, 1969a. webG0258.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Names for the Commission on an All-Volunteer Force,” memorandum to Secretary of Defense, Washington, D.C., February 6, 1969b. webG0264.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, Statement by the President Announcing a Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Forces, Washington, D.C.: Office of the White House Press Secretary, March 27, 1969c. webG0266.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, Message from the President of the United States Relative to Reform of the Selective Service System to the House of Representatives, Washington, D.C.: The White House, May 13, 1969d. webG0671.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, Executive Order: Amending the Selective Service Regulations to Prescribe Random Selection, Washington, D.C.: The White House, November 26, 1969e. webG1158.pdf^{3.5 MB}.

---, Proclamation by the President: Random Selection for Military Service, Washington, D.C.: The White House, November 26, 1969f. webG1200.pdf^{0.4 MB}.

---, Remarks of the President at Signing H.R. 14001, An Act to Amend the Military Selective Service Act of 1967, Washington, D.C.: The White House, November 26, 1969g. webG1159.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, Designation of Colonel Dee Ingold as Acting Director of Selective Service, Washington, D.C.: The White House, February 16, 1970a. webG1067.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, Message to Congress on Ending the Draft, April 23, 1970, Washington, D.C.: The White House, April 23, 1970b. webG1160.pdf^{1.6 MB}.

---, “The All-Volunteer Armed Force: A Radio Address, October 17, 1968,” in Harry A. Marmion, ed., The Case Against a Volunteer Army, Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971a, pp. 75-82. webG0251.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

---, Message to the Congress: Ending the Draft, Washington, D.C.: The White House, January 28, 1971b. webG0646.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “Military Manpower Reductions,” memorandum to Secretary of Defense, Washington, D.C., May 24, 1971c. webG1103.pdf^{0.5 MB}.

OASD[M&RA] — See Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs.

OASD[SA] — See Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Systems Analysis.

Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, Draft Reform and the All-Volunteer Armed Force, issue paper, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense, March 20, 1970a. webG0533.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, Draft Reform and the All-Volunteer Armed Force, issue paper, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense, March 23, 1970b. webG0535.pdf^{0.6 MB}.

---, to be Discussed in DPRC Meeting on January 18, 1971, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense, January 1, 1971. webL0028.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Systems Analysis, Active Force Manpower Needs and Supply in a Volunteer Service, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense, March 2, 1970a. webG0545.pdf^{0.4 MB}.

---, Draft Reform and All-Volunteer Armed Forces, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense, March 22, 1970b. webG0543.pdf^{1.8 MB}.

Oi, Walter Y., “The Cost and Implications of an All-Volunteer Force,” in Sol Tax, ed., The Draft: A Handbook of Facts and Alternatives, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967a, pp. 221-251.

---, “The Economic Cost of the Draft,” The American Economic Review, Vol. 57, No. 2, May 1967b, pp. 39-62. webS0236.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

---, “Historical Perspectives on the All-Volunteer Force: The Rochester Connection,” in Curtis L. Gilroy J. Eric Fredland, Roger D. Little, and W. S. Sellman, ed., Professionals on the Front Line: Two Decades of the All-Volunteer Force, Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 1996.

Packard, David, “Legislative Proposal to Make Military Pay More Equitable,” memorandum to Speaker of the House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., January 29, 1971. webG0192.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force [Gates Commission], Minutes of the (First) Meeting of the President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, Washington, D.C. webS0035.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

Resor, Stanley R., “Proposed Military Pay Reform,” memorandum to Deputy Secretary of Defense, Washington, D.C., February 8, 1969. webG1444.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “Comments on the Gates Commission Report,” memorandum to Thomas Gates, Washington, D.C., January 10, 1970. webG0285.pdf^{0.5 MB}.

Richardson, Elliott L., “HEW’s Support for a National University of the Health Sciences,” letter to Melvin Laird, Washington, D.C., January 4, 1971. webG1467.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

Rivers, L. Mendel, “Continued Public Interest In the ‘All-Volunteer Force’ Concept,” letter to Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower Alfred B. Fitt, Washington, D.C., September 17, 1968. webG0249.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

Rose, Jonathan, “Interim Reform of Selective Service System During Approach to an All- Volunteer Force,” memorandum to Peter M. Flanigan, Washington, D.C., April 26, 1969. webG1127.pdf^{1.5 MB}.

---, “Charles DiBona,” memorandum to Bryce Harlow, Washington, D.C., February 9, 1970. webG1043.pdf^{0.6 MB}.

---, “Draft Meeting,” memorandum to Peter M. Flanigan, Assistant to the President, Washington, D.C., January 7, 1971. webG1101.pdf^{0.5 MB}.

Rostker, Bernard D., The Personnel Structure and Posture of the Air National Guard and the Air Force Reserve, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, R-1049-PR, April 1973. webS0794.pdf^{1.6 MB}.

Rousselot, Louis M., “Comments on HEW’s Rationale for Opposing the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Concept,” memorandum to Roger T. Kelley, Washington, D.C., February 3, 1971a. webG1468.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

---, “HEW’s Position on H.R. 2,” memorandum to Martin C. Anderson, Washington, D.C., February 19, 1971b. webG1469.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

Rumsfeld, Donald H., “General Hershey: Selective Service System,” memorandum to Peter M. Flanigan, Washington, D.C., November 25, 1968. webG1028.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

Shishko, Robert, and Bernard D. Rostker, “The Economics of Multiple Job Holding,” The American Economic Review, Vol. 66, No. 3, June 1976, pp. 298-308. webS0159.pdf^{0.5 MB}.

Stafford, Robert T., “Recommendation for Stephen Herbits,” memorandum to Melvin R. Laird, Washington, D.C., March 11, 1969. webL0039.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

Stafford, Robert T., Richard S. Schweiker, Charles W. Whalen, Jr., Frank Horton, and Garner E. Shriver, “Recommendation for Stephen Herbits,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., March 11, 1969. webL0040.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

Tarr, Curtis W., “Random Selection System,” memorandum to Assistant Chief Counsel House Armed Services Committee Frank Slatinshek, Washington, D.C., May 4, 1970a. webL0037.pdf^{0.5 MB}.

---, “Short Report,” memorandum to the President, Washington, D.C., October 23, 1970b. webG1054.pdf^{1.4 MB}.

U.S. News & World Report Staff, “ABC’s of Draft by Lottery,” U.S. News & World Report, December 15, 1969.

Wallace, Carl S., “Consideration of William K. Brehm for Director of Selective Service,” memorandum to Peter M. Flanigan Assistant to the President, Washington, D.C., February 17, 1970. webG1050.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

Wallis, W. Allen, An Over Governed Society, New York: The Free Press, 1976.

Wallis, W. Allen, William H. Meckling, Martin J. Bailey, Harry J. Gilman, and Walter Y. Oi, Immediate Steps Towards Ending the Draft, Rochester, New York: University of Rochester, December 31, 1968. webL0001.pdf^{3.4 MB}.

Westmoreland, William C., “Dinner Honoring General Hershey,” memorandum to the President of the United States, Washington, D.C., February 18, 1970. webG1045.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

White House Press Secretary, Appointment of General Hershey to New Job, Washington, D.C.: The White House, October 10, 1969a. webG1034.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

---, New Draft Selection System Fact Sheet, Washington, D.C.: The White House, November 26, 1969b. webG1157.pdf^{1.2 MB}.

---, Summary of the Report of the Presidential Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, Washington, D.C.: The White House, February 21, 1970a. webG0542.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “Intention to Nominate Curtis W. Tarr to be Director of Selective Service,” press release Washington, D.C., March 12, 1970b. webG1070.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, Extension of the Draft and Increase in Military Pay, Washington, D.C.: The White House, September 28, 1971. webG0576.pdf^{0.1 MB}.

White House Staff, Scenario of Action on All-Volunteer Force, Washington, D.C.: The White House, March 2, 1970. webL0017.pdf^{0.8 MB}.

Wilson, George C., “Laird Dim on Prospects for All-Volunteer Army,” Washington Post, January 30, 1970, pp. A1-2.

Witherspoon, Ralph Pomeroy, The Military Draft and the All-Volunteer Force: A Case Study of a Shift in Public Policy, dissertation, Blacksburg, Va.: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993.

Wool, Harold, The Military Specialist, Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1968a.

---, “Study Plan for ‘Project Volunteer,’” memorandum to Assistant Secretary of Defense (M&RA) Alfred B. Fitt, Washington, D.C., November 13, 1968b. webG0254.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

---, “Tentative Organization Plan for ‘Project Volunteer,’” memorandum to Assistant Secretary of Defense (M&RA) Alfred B. Fitt, Washington, D.C., November 13, 1968c. webG0255.pdf^{0.2 MB}.

---, “Study Plan for ‘Project Volunteer,’” memorandum to Assistant Secretary of Defense (M&RA) Alfred B. Fitt, Washington, D.C., January 11, 1969. webG0257.pdf^{0.3 MB}.

---

Product Information | Sample Content Home