Changing Urban Bureaucracies
How New Practices Become Routinized
The routinization process, i.e., how service practices in urban bureaucracies become part of "standard practice," is described by examining the life histories of six types of innovation: computer-assisted instruction, police computer systems, mobile intensive care units, closed circuit TV systems, breath testing for driver safety, and Jet-Axe (an explosive fire-fighting device). The life histories are analyzed in terms of the achievement of ten organizational events, conceptualized as "passages" (transitions to another organizational state) or "cycles" (survival over periodic events). The study emphasizes how these events are critical to the life history of an innovative practice. The stages in which routinization occurs and the conditions that lead to it are discussed, and several strategies that were found effective in promoting routinization are presented. The study suggests several steps that, if confirmed by further research, will allow policy officials to assess and influence routinization.
- Format:
- Paperback, 170 Pages
- Year:
- 1978
- List Price:
- $40.00
- Price:
- $32.00 Special 20% Web Discount
- Full Document (pdf format)
Use Adobe Acrobat Reader version 7.0 or higher for the best experience.
Document Details
- Copyright: RAND Corporation
- Availability: Available
- Format: Paperback
- Pages: 170
- List Price: $40.00
- Price: $32.00
- ISBN/EAN: 0-8330-0017-9
- Document Number: R-2277-NSF
- Year: 1978
- Series: Reports
This report is part of the RAND Corporation report series. The report was a product of the RAND Corporation from 1948 to 1993 that represented the principal publication documenting and transmitting RAND's major research findings and final research.
Permission is given to duplicate this electronic document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Copies may not be duplicated for commercial purposes. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit the RAND Permissions page.
The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.
RAND® is a registered trademark. Copyright © 1994-2012 RAND Corporation.