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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Air Transportation</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/air-transportation.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T14:19:28Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/air-transportation.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/air-transportation.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Three Ways to Improve Airport Screening</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/03/07/USAT.html</id>
   <published>Mar 7, 2012</published>
   <updated>Mar 7, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">The TSA&apos;s pilot &quot;Pre-check&quot; program that pre-screens travelers who volunteer for it is an overdue advance in security, but it does not address some larger issues surrounding America&apos;s airports, writes K. Jack Riley.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/03/07/USAT.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Assessing the Security Benefits of a Trusted Traveler Program in the Presence of Attempted Attacker Exploitation and Compromise</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120026.html</id>
   <published>Mar 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Mar 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Examines the security costs and benefits of a trusted traveler program, in which individuals who have been identified as posing less risk than others are allowed to pass through security checkpoints with reduced security screening.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120026.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Santa Monica Municipal Airport (SMO) Options for the Future</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB639.html</id>
   <published>Feb 23, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 23, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">This briefing offers a menu of potential future activities for the nonaviation lands at Santa Monica Municipal Airport (SMO) to enhance the quality of life in Santa Monica through community-linked programs.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB639.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Unmentionable Costs of Airline Security</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2011/09/13/BGOV.html</id>
   <published>Sep 13, 2011</published>
   <updated>Sep 13, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">For most of the past decade, the U.S. has pursued policies with very little regard to the costs they impose on travelers or the net reduction in risk that they generate, writes K. Jack Riley.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2011/09/13/BGOV.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Is it Time to Consider a New Approach to Airline Security?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2011/09/01/RF.html</id>
   <published>Sep 1, 2011</published>
   <updated>Sep 1, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">It may be possible that the development and deployment of improved security technologies and reconfigurations of security checkpoints will keep security one step ahead of terrorist adversaries, but it also may be an appropriate time to explore fundamentally new approaches, writes Brian Michael Jenkins.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2011/09/01/RF.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Beyond the Shadow of 9/11</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP22-2011-09.html</id>
   <published>Sep 1, 2011</published>
   <updated>Sep 1, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">The 10th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks warrants a thoughtful review of America&apos;s progress and future strategy. In this &lt;em&gt;RAND Review&lt;/em&gt; cover story, RAND experts offer perspectives on Afghan-led solutions, ways to counter al Qaeda, air passenger security, and compensation for those affected by terrorism.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP22-2011-09.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND Book Provides Critical Review of U.S. Actions Since 9/11; Recommends Future Anti-Terror Path</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/07/26.html</id>
   <published>Jul 26, 2011</published>
   <updated>Jul 26, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">A new collection of essays by experts from the RAND Corporation examines America in the decade since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, focusing a critical eye on the nation&apos;s actions since the attacks and outlining changes in strategy needed to improve efforts against jihadist groups.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/07/26.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND Book Provides Critical Review of U.S. Actions Since 9/11; Recommends Future Anti-Terror Path</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1107.html</id>
   <published>Jul 26, 2011</published>
   <updated>Jul 26, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">A new collection of essays by experts from the RAND Corporation examines America in the decade since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, focusing a critical eye on the nation&apos;s actions since the attacks and outlining changes in strategy needed to improve efforts against jihadist groups.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1107.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Preserving Range and Airspace Access for the Air Force Mission: Striving for a Strategic Vantage Point</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR874.html</id>
   <published>May 17, 2011</published>
   <updated>May 17, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Air Force range managers are responsible for scheduling the ranges and infrastructures units need for critical, realistic testing and training, sometimes on short notice. They must also supply associated requirements, which requires information and understanding. To aid this, the authors offer an example method that marries the Center Scheduling Enterprise with an update of an existing RAND tool (provided on CD).</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR874.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Air Travel Security Since 9/11</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP635.html</id>
   <published>Apr 12, 2011</published>
   <updated>Apr 12, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">There are no plans to discontinue the use of whole-body image scanning machines and pat downs in airports around the country. In light of concerns about the cost, safety, effectiveness, and privacy of these procedures, the author explores air travel security performance since 9/11, identifies missed opportunities and innovations, and considers potential next steps.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP635.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Advancing Aeronautics: A Decision Framework for Selecting Research Agendas</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG997.html</id>
   <published>Feb 17, 2011</published>
   <updated>Feb 17, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">What aeronautics research should be supported by the U.S. government? What compelling and desirable benefits drive that research? How should the government make these decisions? The authors develop a unified decisionmaking approach for addressing these questions. This framework quantifies the social and economic reasons for the research, balances competing perspectives, and enables transparent explanation of the resulting decisions.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG997.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Should the U.S. Air Force Modernize Its Refueling Fleet to Meet Upcoming Mandates?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG901.html</id>
   <published>Oct 31, 2009</published>
   <updated>Oct 31, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The U.S. Air Force&apos;s KC-10 air refueling fleet has been in service for 25 years without a major avionics upgrade. Without modernization, the KC-10 will not be in compliance with upcoming air traffic management mandates regulating the minimum allowed communication, navigation, and surveillance capabilities.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG901.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Near-Term Feasibility of Alternative Jet Fuels</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR554.html</id>
   <published>Oct 13, 2009</published>
   <updated>Oct 13, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Aviation has few near-term alternative-energy options to petroleum-based fuels. Of alternatives that may be available in commercial quantities in the next decade, Fischer-Tropsch and hydroprocessed renewable jet fuels may reduce aviation&apos;s impact on climate but are likely to be available only in limited quantities. All alternatives benefit aviation as well as nonaviation sectors and improve air quality.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR554.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Speed Low-Risk Travelers Through Increased Security</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2006/09/04/LABJ.html</id>
   <published>Sep 4, 2006</published>
   <updated>Sep 4, 2006</updated>
   <summary type="html">Published commentary by RAND staff: Speed Low-Risk Travelers Through Increased Security, in Los Angeles Business Journal.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2006/09/04/LABJ.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Security Improvements Needed at Los Angeles International Airport</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB499-1.html</id>
   <published>Feb 17, 2006</published>
   <updated>Feb 17, 2006</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Despite the high level of security at LAX, it may still be viewed by terrorist groups as an attractive target.  The airport should reduce the density of people in unsecured areas and add permanent vehicle security checkpoints with bomb-detection capabilities.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB499-1.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Protecting Commercial Aviation Against the Shoulder-Fired Missile Threat</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP106.html</id>
   <published>Jan 20, 2005</published>
   <updated>Jan 20, 2005</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Examines the capabilities and costs of onboard technologies to divert missiles attacking commercial airliners. Given the significant uncertainties in the cost and effectiveness of countermeasures, a decision to install them should be postponed, and concurrent development efforts to reduce these uncertainties should proceed as rapidly as possible.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP106.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">How Much Is Enough? Sizing the Deployment of Baggage Screening Equipment by Considering the Economic Cost of Passenger Delays</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB410.html</id>
   <published>Sep 30, 2004</published>
   <updated>Sep 30, 2004</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;In the wake of September 11, 2001, the Transportation Security Agency was given the responsibility for ensuring that all baggage flying on U.S. aircraft would be screened. Left undefined was how much equipment should be deployed to scan all baggage thoroughly while not unnecessarily inconveniencing the public. This documented briefing seeks to answer the question, &amp;ldquo;how much is enough?&amp;rdquo; by minimizing costs to the public for different Electronic Detection System deployment sizes. The authors also discuss the pros and cons of profiling and how it might reduce these costs.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB410.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">How Much Is Enough? Sizing the Deployment of Baggage Screening Equipment to Minimize the Cost of Flying: Executive Summary</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB412.html</id>
   <published>Sep 28, 2004</published>
   <updated>Sep 28, 2004</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This summary of a large RAND study explains how researchers calculated the minimum cost to the nation&amp;rsquo;s economy of providing baggage scanning at all U.S. airports. The cost of the scan-every-bag mandate is estimated to be about $4.5 billion; positive passenger profiling &amp;mdash; sometimes called the &amp;ldquo;registered traveler&amp;rdquo; program &amp;mdash; could lower the total cost to about $2.5 billion if 50 percent of passengers were eligible.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB412.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Benefits of Positive Passenger Profiling on Baggage Screening Requirements</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB411.html</id>
   <published>Sep 28, 2004</published>
   <updated>Sep 28, 2004</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Can positive passenger profiling lower the overall costs of airport security while minimizing the inconvenience to the flying public and retaining airport security at a high level? The authors calculate the cost of scanning as many bags as possible without abandoning the benefits of profiling.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB411.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Near-Term Options for Improving Security at Los Angeles International Airport</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB468-1.html</id>
   <published>Sep 23, 2004</published>
   <updated>Sep 23, 2004</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This study examines near-term options for reducing the terrorist threat to Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). The key to implementing a successful strategy of deterrence is to understand and reduce LAX&amp;rsquo;s vulnerabilities. The authors analyze a wide range of possible terrorist actions and assess LAX&amp;rsquo;s level of vulnerability. They then examine possible alternative courses of action LAX can take to reduce these vulnerabilities.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB468-1.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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