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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Artificial Intelligence</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/artificial-intelligence.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T14:56:16Z</updated>
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     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/artificial-intelligence.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P7172.html</id>
   <published>Nov 30, 1986</published>
   <updated>Nov 30, 1986</updated>
   <summary type="html">A brief history of RAND&apos;s research in artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems from the development of one of the first stored-program digital computers, the JOHNNIAC, to the current work on AI technology and its uses, including work on expert systems, knowledge-based simulation, and human-oriented environments.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P7172.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Computer-assisted Reasoning</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20010315.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2000</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2000</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Computer models provide a powerful tool for reasoning about difficult problems.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20010315.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The roles of artificial intelligence in education : current progress and future prospects</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/drafts/DRU472.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1992</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1992</updated>
   <summary type="html">The roles of artificial intelligence in education : current progress and future prospects</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/drafts/DRU472.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Thinking About Opponent Behavior in Crisis and Conflict: A Generic Model for Analysis and Group Discussion</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N3322.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1990</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1990</updated>
   <summary type="html">Draws on strategic analysis, cognitive psychology, gaming, and artificial intelligence modeling to describe a theory and concrete methodology for thinking about the likely and possible reasoning of opponents before or during crisis and conflict.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N3322.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Nature of Modeling</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N3027.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1988</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1988</updated>
   <summary type="html">This Note, reprinted from Artificial Intelligence, Simulation, and Modeling, Widman, Loparo, Nielson (eds.), John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., 1989, attempts to define modeling precisely.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N3027.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Applying Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Strategic-Level Gaming and Simulation</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N2752.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1987</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1987</updated>
   <summary type="html">This Note describes a large-scale program melding rule-based modeling and traditional simulation in the problem domain of game-structured military strategic analysis. </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N2752.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Dependencies, Demons, and Graphical Interfaces in the Ross Language</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N2589.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1987</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1987</updated>
   <summary type="html">This Note is one aspect of RAND&apos;s investigation of the utility of knowledge-based artificial intelligence techniques to help solve deficiencies that exist in large-scale military simulations. </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N2589.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Potential applications of expert systems and operations research to space station logistics functions</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N2315.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1984</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1984</updated>
   <summary type="html">This Note is the final report of an assessment study to determine the applicability of operations research, artificial intelligence, and expert systems to logistics problems for the space station, which must support multiple systems using only on-boa...</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N2315.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Applying Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Strategic-Level Gaming and Simulation</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P7120.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1984</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1984</updated>
   <summary type="html">Describes a large-scale program melding rule-based modeling and traditional simulation in the problem domain of game-structured military strategic analysis in the RAND Strategy Assessment Center.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P7120.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND&apos;s Experience in Applying Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Strategic-Level Military-Political War Gaming</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P6977.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1983</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1983</updated>
   <summary type="html">This paper highlights, for those interested in advanced information science, some recent experience in RAND&apos;s Strategy Assessment Center (RSAC), a large-scale Department of Defense program to develop new concepts and techniques combining features ...</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P6977.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The RAND Strategy Assessment Center System Perspective</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P6978.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1983</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1983</updated>
   <summary type="html">The RAND Strategy Assessment Center (RSAC) is a highly ambitious, multiyear research program to develop a system and methodology that combine the systematic reproducibility of analytic modeling/simulation with the behavioral richness of rule-based artificial intelligence technology.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P6978.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Programming in ROSIE: An Introduction by Means of Examples</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N1646.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1981</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1981</updated>
   <summary type="html">ROSIE is a programming language and programming system for artificial intelligence (AI) applications.  The ROSIE language is a stylized version of English.  </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N1646.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Rationale and Motivation for ROSIE</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N1648.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1980</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1980</updated>
   <summary type="html">ROSIE is a programming language and programming system for artificial intelligence (AI) applications.  The ROSIE language is a stylized version of English.  </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N1648.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">AI for Systems Management</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P6573.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1980</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1980</updated>
   <summary type="html">Complex systems require intelligent control strategies, and artificial intelligence (AI) concepts and tools may contribute to the management of such systems.  At RAND, we have been developing AI approaches to systems management problems.  </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P6573.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Schema theory as a guide for educational research: white knight or white elephant?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P6599.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1980</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1980</updated>
   <summary type="html">Much recent cognitive and artificial intelligence research has focused on the development of &quot;schema theory.&quot;  This theory supposes the existence of knowledge structures that encode prototypical descriptions of familiar concepts.  Schema theory has d...</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P6599.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Matching and abstraction in knowledge systems</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P6440.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1979</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1979</updated>
   <summary type="html">A briefing presented at the Symposium on Artificial Intelligence in Information Science during the 1979 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science (ASIS) in Minneapolis.  Discusses the creation of a knowledge system and problems r...</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P6440.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Natural Language, Linguistic Processing, and Speech Understanding: Recent Research and Future Goals</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R1377.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1972</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1972</updated>
   <summary type="html">A discussion of artificial intelligence, computer processing of natural-language data programming languages for problem-solving systems, and structural (contextual, linguistic) pattern recognition.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R1377.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The MIND System: A Data Structure for Semantic Information Processing.</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R0837.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1970</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1970</updated>
   <summary type="html">The MIND System: A Data Structure for Semantic Information Processing.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R0837.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Intrinsic Oscillations in Neural Networks: A Linear Model for the [n]th-Order Loop</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R0642.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1970</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1970</updated>
   <summary type="html">A preliminary study of the inherent dynamic properties of feedback pathways composed of millions of brain cells. The ultimate aim is to predict feelings and behavior from the anatomical arrangement of nerve cells. </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R0642.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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