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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Cardiovascular Disorders</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/cardiovascular-disorders.xml"/>
     <updated>2013-05-16T09:47:45Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/cardiovascular-disorders.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2013, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/cardiovascular-disorders.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Virtues of a &apos;9 to 5&apos; Job</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/08/23/RAND.html</id>
   <published>Aug 23, 2012</published>
   <updated>Aug 23, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">People who do shift work should be vigilant about their risk factors. At the same time, their employers&amp;mdash;and the government&amp;mdash;can do more to offer education and targeted screening programs to prevent or forestall disease, writes Christian van Stolk.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/08/23/RAND.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Ruling Can Lead to Tougher New York Soda Ban</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2013/03/12/BLOOM.html</id>
   <published>Mar 12, 2013</published>
   <updated>Mar 12, 2013</updated>
   <summary type="html">New York should see the judge&apos;s ruling as an opportunity to revise the law to close the loopholes, including the Big Gulp exemption, and develop regulations in line with the scientific consensus that even 16 ounces is way too much, writes Deborah Cohen.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2013/03/12/BLOOM.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Making Heart Disease a Women&apos;s Issue</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2013/03/22/MS.html</id>
   <published>Mar 20, 2013</published>
   <updated>Mar 20, 2013</updated>
   <summary type="html">When it comes to women&apos;s health, cancer gets a good deal of the attention; somehow, it hasn&#8217;t fully registered that so many of our mothers, sisters, friends and daughters are being affected by another, often silent killer, writes Chloe E. Bird.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2013/03/22/MS.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND Study Finds Research Showing How to Improve Care for Heart Failure Rarely Reforms Services or Shapes Policy</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2006/03/28.html</id>
   <published>Mar 28, 2006</published>
   <updated>Mar 28, 2006</updated>
   <summary type="html">RAND news release: RAND Study Finds Research Showing How to Improve Care for Heart Failure Rarely Reforms Services or Shapes Policy</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2006/03/28.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Study Finds Middle-Aged Americans Less Healthy Than English Counterparts</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2006/05/02.html</id>
   <published>May 2, 2006</published>
   <updated>May 2, 2006</updated>
   <summary type="html">May 2, 2006 News Release: Study Finds Middle-Aged Americans Less Healthy Than English Counterparts.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2006/05/02.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND Study Finds Women with Heart Disease and Diabetes Less Likely than Men to Receive Appropriate Outpatient Care</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2007/05/14.html</id>
   <published>May 14, 2007</published>
   <updated>May 14, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">May 14, 2007 news release: RAND Study Finds Women with Heart Disease and Diabetes Less Likely than Men to Receive Appropriate Outpatient Care.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2007/05/14.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND Study Finds the Quality of Medical Care Gets Better, Not Worse, When Patients Have More Chronic Illnesses</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2007/06/13.html</id>
   <published>Jun 13, 2007</published>
   <updated>Jun 13, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">Contrary to popular belief, patients with multiple chronic illnesses do not receive worse quality of care, according to a RAND Corporation study issued today.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2007/06/13.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Prescription Spending Caps Cause Some Seniors to Quit Taking Medicines for Chronic Illnesses</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2007/09/11.html</id>
   <published>Sep 11, 2007</published>
   <updated>Sep 11, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">Many seniors quit taking drugs for chronic illnesses such as diabetes and high blood pressure when they exceed their drug plan&apos;s yearly spending limits.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2007/09/11.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Higher Co-Payments Discourage Patients With Newly Diagnosed Chronic Illnesses From Starting Drug Treatment</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2009/04/28/copayments_treatment.html</id>
   <published>Apr 28, 2009</published>
   <updated>Apr 28, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">Patients newly diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes or high cholesterol are significantly more likely to delay initiating recommended drug treatment if they face higher co-payments for medications.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2009/04/28/copayments_treatment.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Lowering Sodium Consumption Could Save U.S. $18 Billion Annually in Health Costs</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2009/09/11.html</id>
   <published>Sep 11, 2009</published>
   <updated>Sep 11, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">Reducing Americans&apos; average intake of sodium could save the nation as much as $18 billion annually in avoided health care costs and improve the quality of life for millions of people.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2009/09/11.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">New Report Helps Inform Decisions about How Science Should Be Funded</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/03/07.html</id>
   <published>Mar 7, 2011</published>
   <updated>Mar 7, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Project Retrosight analysed 29 case studies of cardiovascular and stroke research in Australia, Canada, and the UK, and found that clinical research has greater societal impact over a 15-20 year timescale, while basic research has greater academic impact.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/03/07.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Quality Indicators for Hypertension</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/drafts/DRU2104.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1999</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1999</updated>
   <summary type="html">This report presents RAND&apos;s update of the indicators used to assess the quality of care in hypertension. It describes how existing indicators were developed and updated and explains how the final set of indicators will be used in the future.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/drafts/DRU2104.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Quality of life of epilepsy surgery patients compared to outpatients with hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/drafts/DRU419.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1993</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1993</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of 166 adults who had previously undergone surgical treatment for intractable epilepsy was compared with that of outpatients having hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and/or depressive symptoms. Eight self-reported HRQOL domains were evaluated and compared using the RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/drafts/DRU419.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">How Free Care Reduced Hypertension in the Health Insurance Experiment</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19851001.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1985</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1985</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Free care also led to higher compliance by hypertensives with diet and smoking recommendations and higher use of medication by those who needed it.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19851001.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Disease: Comparison of Doctors&apos; Attitudes in the USA and the UK</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19880402.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1988</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1988</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Panels of doctors from the USA and the UK were asked to indicate how appropriate they judged a series of possible indications for coronary angiography and coronary artery bypass graft operations.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19880402.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Appropriateness of Performing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19880701.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1988</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1988</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Information about how appropriately procedures are performed is vital to the understanding of the impact of technology and to the success of efforts to channel its use appropriately.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19880701.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Affective, Substance Use, and Anxiety Disorders in Persons with Arthritis, Diabetes, Heart Disease, High Blood Pressure, or Chronic Lung Conditions</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19890901.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1989</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1989</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Persons with current (i.e., active) arthritis, heart disease, or high blood pressure had a significantly increased adjusted prevalence of recent (6-month) anxiety disorder.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19890901.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Explaining Variations in Hospital Death Rates: Randomness, Severity of Illness, Quality of Care</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19900701.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1990</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1990</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Identifying hospitals that provide poor-quality care based on administrative data and single-year death rates is unlikely; targeting based on time periods greater than 1 year may be better.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19900701.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Appropriateness of Care: A Comparison of Global and Outcome Methods to Set Standards</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920040.html</id>
   <published>Jul 1, 1992</published>
   <updated>Jul 1, 1992</updated>
   <summary type="html">The authors compare the appropriateness judgments based on the global judgment method to appropriateness ratings based on probability estimates of specific outcomes that were provided by the same panel of experts.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920040.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Assessing Physicians&apos; Estimates of the Probability of Coronary Artery Disease: The Influence of Patient Characteristics</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920402.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1992</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1992</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The authors assessed physicians&apos; probability estimates of coronary artery disease (CAD) in 250 patients undergoing a screening exercise stress test.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920402.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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