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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Computer Crime</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/computer-crime.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T14:24:16Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/computer-crime.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/computer-crime.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Exploring How the EU Should Establish a Cybercrime Centre</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR1218.html</id>
   <published>Mar 28, 2012</published>
   <updated>Mar 28, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">After visiting EU high tech crime units, conducting interviews with stakeholders, and holding a scenario-based workshop, RAND Europe researchers determined that a European Cybercrime Centre hosted by Europol would bring together input from several different entities and drive a common approach to tackling cybercrime. </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR1218.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Cybersecurity: Examining Challenges for the Future</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/randeurope/research/cyber.html</id>
   <published>Feb 29, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 29, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Cyberspace is increasingly important for economic growth, openness, and democracy, but poor cybersecurity can make governments, businesses, and individuals open to cyber attack and cyber crime. RAND Europe conducts a range of research on the topic to advise policymakers.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/randeurope/research/cyber.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Characteristics of Cyberspace Pose Challenges to Those Who Seek to Defend It</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP342.html</id>
   <published>Dec 22, 2011</published>
   <updated>Dec 22, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">It has become clear that Stuxnet-like worms pose a serious threat even to critical U.S. infrastructure and computer systems that are not connected to the Internet. However, defending against such attacks involves complex technological and legal issues.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP342.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Could Bin Laden&apos;s Death Prompt a Cyber Attack?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2011/05/06/GS.html</id>
   <published>May 6, 2011</published>
   <updated>May 6, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">A truly monumental attack that could cripple key U.S. computer systems &amp;mdash; something akin to the Stuxnet worms attack on Iran&apos;s nuclear infrastructure, for example &amp;mdash; would take many months of planning, significant expertise, and a great deal of money to pull off, writes Isaac Porche.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2011/05/06/GS.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Influences on the Adoption of Multifactor Authentication</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR937.html</id>
   <published>Apr 15, 2011</published>
   <updated>Apr 15, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Passwords are proving less and less capable of protecting computer systems from abuse. Multifactor authentication (MFA) &#8212; which combines something you know (e.g., a PIN), something you have (e.g., a token), and/or something you are (e.g., a fingerprint) &#8212; is increasingly being required. This report investigates why organizations choose to adopt or not adopt MFA &#8212; and where they choose to use it.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR937.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Understanding the Security, Privacy, and Trust Aspects of Cloud Computing</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR933.html</id>
   <published>Apr 6, 2011</published>
   <updated>Apr 6, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Cloud computing is a model for enabling on-demand network access to a shared pool of computing resources&amp;mdash;such as storage and applications&amp;mdash;that can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. RAND Europe explored the security, privacy, and trust challenges that cloud computing poses.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR933.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Encryption and the Loss of Patient Data</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100104.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2010</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">Encryption is seen as a way to prevent malicious use of patient data, but there is no empirical evidence that it does.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100104.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Stuxnet Is the World&apos;s Problem</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2010/12/09/BAS.html</id>
   <published>Dec 9, 2010</published>
   <updated>Dec 9, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">The highly sophisticated Stuxnet computer worm suspected of sending Iran&apos;s nuclear centrifuges into self-destruction mode forces a difficult debate on whether longstanding firewalls in our country&apos;s democracy should be breached for the sake of national security, writes Isaac Porche.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2010/12/09/BAS.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Chaos or Control?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP602z2.html</id>
   <published>Mar 11, 2010</published>
   <updated>Mar 11, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;What is the role of government in a borderless internet world? RAND Europe assesses the implications for policy makers.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP602z2.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">U.S. Must Focus on Protecting Critical Computer Networks from Cyber Attack</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2009/10/08.html</id>
   <published>Oct 8, 2009</published>
   <updated>Oct 8, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">Because it will be difficult to prevent cyber attacks on critical civilian and military computer networks by threatening to punish attackers, the United States must focus its efforts on defending these networks from cyber attack.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2009/10/08.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Cyberdeterrence and Cyberwar</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG877.html</id>
   <published>Oct 7, 2009</published>
   <updated>Oct 7, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">Because it will be difficult to prevent cyber attacks on critical civilian and military computer networks by threatening to punish attackers, the United States must focus its efforts on defending these networks from cyber attack.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG877.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Cracks in Data Privacy</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2009/05/19/EV.html</id>
   <published>May 19, 2009</published>
   <updated>May 19, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">In the future, the EU will inevitably have to adjust its system of rules to cope with the evolving uses of personal data, globalization and international data flows, write Neil Robinson and Lorenzo Valeri. </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2009/05/19/EV.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Cybersecurity Economic Issues: Corporate Approaches and Challenges to Decisionmaking</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9365-1.html</id>
   <published>Nov 18, 2008</published>
   <updated>Nov 18, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This research brief addresses key cybersecurity concerns, such as protecting critical products and services and ensuring that software will work. It identifies how organizations perceive the importance of cybersecurity in making investment decisions.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9365-1.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Computer-Based Crime to Be Focus of Silicon Valley Forum</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2007/09/13.html</id>
   <published>Sep 25, 2007</published>
   <updated>Sep 25, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Security experts from the technology industry, law enforcement and academia will outline what is needed to better measure and understand the effect of computer-based crime in the United States during a public forum Sept. 25 in Silicon Valley.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2007/09/13.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Conquest in Cyberspace: National Security and Information Warfare</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/commercial_books/CB407.html</id>
   <published>May 12, 2007</published>
   <updated>May 12, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Explores the potential for and limitations to information warfare, including its use in weapons systems and in command-and-control operations as well as in the generation of &amp;ldquo;noise&amp;rdquo; and how far &amp;ldquo;friendly conquest&amp;rdquo; in cyberspace extends.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/commercial_books/CB407.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND Launches National Computer Security Survey for Departments of Justice and Homeland Security</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2006/05/02/index2.html</id>
   <published>May 2, 2006</published>
   <updated>May 2, 2006</updated>
   <summary type="html">On behalf of the U.S. Departments of Justice and Homeland Security, the RAND Corporation is fielding the first national survey to measure the impact of cybercrime on American businesses.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2006/05/02/index2.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Handbook Facilitates Classification of Cyber-Crime</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR337.html</id>
   <published>Apr 10, 2006</published>
   <updated>Apr 10, 2006</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) Legal Handbook provides a comprehensive collection of information on European and national rules, regulations, and laws concerning computer misuse, as well as guidelines for when and how law enforcement must be informed of incidents.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR337.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Finding and Fixing Vulnerabilities in Information Systems: The Vulnerability Assessment and Mitigation Methodology</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1601.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2004</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2004</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Understanding an organization&amp;rsquo;s reliance on information systems and how to mitigate the vulnerabilities of these systems can be an intimidating challenge &amp;mdash; especially when considering less well-known weaknesses or even unknown vulnerabilities that have not yet been exploited. The authors introduce the Vulnerability Assessment and Mitigation methodology, a six-step process that uses a top-down approach to protect against future threats and system failures while mitigating current and past threats and weaknesses.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1601.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Understanding the Insider Threat: Proceedings of a March 2004 Workshop</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF196.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2003</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2003</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Reports the results of a workshop on the problems of ensuring the security of information against malevolent actions by insiders in the intelligence community (IC) with access to sensitive information and information systems. Attendees discussed community system models, vulnerabilities and exploits, attacker models, and event characterization, and discussed databases that would aid them in their work.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF196.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Managing New Issues: Cyber Security in an Era of Technological Change</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1535.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2003</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2003</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This report reflects the findings of a conference on cyber security and cyber crime in 2002 in The Hague, The Netherlands. It looks into the urgency for a better common understanding and better cooperation on these issues, in the light of the growth of the Internet, both in terms of number of users and in terms of social, cultural and economic impact. Focus was at three themes regarding the role of the public and the private sector in dealing with cyber security and cyber crime: What are the threats and what is the matrix of possible responses? How should Europe and the United States cooperate? How should the public and the private sector work together?&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1535.html" />
   
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