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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Controlled Substances</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/controlled-substances.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T14:56:30Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/controlled-substances.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/controlled-substances.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Marijuana Legalization</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/multi/dprc/marijuana.html</id>
   <published>Oct 5, 2011</published>
   <updated>Oct 5, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">The RAND Drug Policy Research Center has provided objective analysis and research to decisionmakers for over 20 years. This page collects DPRC&apos;s pertinent  published articles and studies, presenting unbiased information for those making decisions about marijuana policy.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/multi/dprc/marijuana.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Webcast: Getting to Outcomes in Underage Drinking Prevention</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/blog/2012/05/webcast-getting-to-outcomes-in-underage-drinking-prevention.html</id>
   <published>May 21, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 21, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">In honor of National Underage Drinking Prevention Day, there will be a live, interactive webcast today (May 21) about successful approaches and resources to prevent underage drinking. The issue of underage drinking may sometimes be overshadowed by other forms of substance use, but it remains a steady and significant problem in the United States.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/blog/2012/05/webcast-getting-to-outcomes-in-underage-drinking-prevention.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Regulatory Regime Key in Shaping Impact of Marijuana Legalization</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/publications/randreview/issues/2012/spring/news4.html</id>
   <published>May 11, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 11, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Marijuana legalization will be on the ballot in at least two U.S. states in November 2012, and it is the subject of serious debate in a growing number of countries. When it comes to understanding the consequences of legalization, the devil is in the details of how the regulatory regime is designed.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/publications/randreview/issues/2012/spring/news4.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Marijuana Exception</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/04/20/WSJ.html</id>
   <published>Apr 20, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 20, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Being honest about the uncertainties involved is the price of admission to any serious discussion about marijuana legalization, writes Beau Kilmer.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/04/20/WSJ.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Evaluating the Implementation of the EU Drugs Strategy 2005-2012</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR1228.html</id>
   <published>Apr 9, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 9, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Illicit drug use continues to be an important public health and safety concern in Europe. An evaluation of the EU Drugs Strategy 2005&amp;ndash;12 and Action Plans examines the implementation, relevance, and influence of the Strategy and its added value for Member States and at EU level.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR1228.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Scheduling of Newly Emerging Drugs: A Critical Review of Decisions Over 40 Years</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120050.html</id>
   <published>Apr 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">This study seeks to assess more comprehensively the results of decisions on whether and how to &apos;schedule&apos; (i.e. to determine their legal status and penalties to be applied for sale or possession) newly emerging drugs.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120050.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Intergenerational Relationships Between the Smoking Patterns of a Population-Representative Sample of US Mothers and the Smoking Trajectories of Their Children</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100285.html</id>
   <published>Apr 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">The authors assessed intergenerational transmission of smoking in mother-child dyads.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100285.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Multicultural Web-Based Motivational Interviewing for Clients with a First-Time DUI Offense</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120094.html</id>
   <published>Apr 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">A culturally relevant web-based Motivational Interviewing in English and Spanish was developed to serve as a standalone or adjunctive program in DUI educational settings.  This study evaluated its feasibility and acceptability among clients.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120094.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Resisting Smoking When a Best Friend Smokes: Do Intrapersonal and Contextual Factors Matter?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100222.html</id>
   <published>Feb 29, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 29, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">The strong link between having a best friend who smoked and increased adolescent smoking isn&apos;t affected by individual factors such as self-esteem, depressing and access to cigarettes.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100222.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Evaluation of Drug and Alcohol &quot;Payment by Results&quot; Pilots</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/randeurope/research/projects/drug-alcohol-recovery-programme-evaluation.html</id>
   <published>Feb 13, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 13, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">RAND Europe is conducting an independent evaluation of the Department of Health&apos;s drug and alcohol recovery payment-by-results pilots to determine whether market forces can encourage the development of better recovery programmes.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/randeurope/research/projects/drug-alcohol-recovery-programme-evaluation.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Voluntary After-School Program Can Reduce Alcohol Use Among Middle School Children</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2012/02/08.html</id>
   <published>Feb 8, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 8, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">If prevention researchers build programs with developmentally relevant content, and provide this content in an engaging, confidential, and non-judgmental way, it can help middle school-aged children avoid alcohol.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2012/02/08.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Which Literacy Skills Are Associated with Smoking?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120001.html</id>
   <published>Feb 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Increases in reading skills and numeracy skills substantially increase the odds that an individual will quit smoking.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120001.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Momentary Effects of Exposure to Prosmoking Media on College Students&apos; Future Smoking Risk</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120047.html</id>
   <published>Feb 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">This study used ecological momentary assessment to examine acute changes in college students&apos; future smoking risk as a function of their exposure to prosmoking media (e.g., smoking in movies, paid advertising, point-of-sale displays).</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120047.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">What Oregon&apos;s Parity Law Can Tell Us About the Federal Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act and Spending on Substance Abuse Treatment Services</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120048.html</id>
   <published>Feb 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Oregon&apos;s experience suggests that behavioral health insurance parity that places restrictions on how plans manage the benefit may lead to increases in expenditures for alcohol treatment services but is unlikely to lead to increases in spending for other drug abuse treatment services.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120048.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Understanding Heterosexual Condom Use Among Homeless Men</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120060.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">This study uses an event-based approach to examine individual, relationship, and contextual correlates of heterosexual condom use among homeless men.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120060.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">A Search-Theoretic Model of the Retail Market for Illicit Drugs</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120005.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">How legalizing marijuana would affect consumption and tax revenues will depend on many design choices including tax level, incentives for a continued black market, whether advertising is restricted, and how the regulatory system is designed and adjusted.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120005.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Voluntary After-School Alcohol and Drug Programs for Middle School Youth: If You Build It Right, They Will Come</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120049.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">This study describes CHOICE, a voluntary after-school program which targeted AOD use among middle school students.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120049.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Is the Intergenerational Transmission of Smoking from Mother to Child Mediated by Children&apos;s Behavior Problems?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120041.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">In this paper, we examine the possibility that maternal smoking during pregnancy may set off a behavioral trajectory for the child that increases the likelihood of problem behaviors generally, of which smoking is one manifestation.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120041.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">If Supply-Oriented Drug Policy Is Broken, Can Harm Reduction Help Fix It? Melding Disciplines and Methods to Advance International Drug-Control Policy</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120038.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html"></summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120038.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Targeting Anti-Smoking Messages: Does Audience Race Matter?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201200107.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">This study examined whether an adolescent&apos;s self-identified race moderates the perceived effectiveness of anti-smoking messages.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201200107.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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