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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Elementary Education</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/elementary-education.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T14:09:32Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/elementary-education.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/elementary-education.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Junk Foods in Schools and Childhood Obesity</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120030.html</id>
   <published>Apr 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">The availability of junk food does not significantly increase BMI or obesity among a group of fifth-graders even though they are likely to buy junk food.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120030.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Building Blocks for a Strong Preschool to Early Elementary Education System</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CT372.html</id>
   <published>Feb 16, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 16, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">The earliest years of a child&apos;s life are critical to physical, socio-emotional, behavioral, and cognitive development. High quality early education can improve readiness and success in school, particularly for disadvantaged children, but access  to such programs is uneven.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CT372.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Kids Are Gaining More Weight During the Elementary School Years</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100243.html</id>
   <published>Nov 30, 2011</published>
   <updated>Nov 30, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Nearly 40% of a nationally representative cohort of children started kindergarten with a BMI in the top quartile of the growth charts. This proportion increased significantly between 1st and 3rd grades but there was no further increase during middle school. </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100243.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">K-12 Education Reform in Qatar</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1428.html</id>
   <published>Jun 21, 2011</published>
   <updated>Jun 21, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">In 2002, Qatar began implementing a standards-based K&amp;ndash;12 reform that established new publicly-funded, privately-operated &apos;Independent schools.&apos; The reform built on four principles: autonomy, accountability, variety, and choice. Early data reveal more student-centered classroom practices and higher student achievement in the new schools. But as all Ministry schools convert to independent status, many challenges remain to achieving the reform&apos;s ambitious goals.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1428.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Exploring the Benefits of Early Childhood Education in California</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/labor/projects/ca_preschool.html</id>
   <published>Sep 24, 2010</published>
   <updated>Sep 24, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">The California Preschool Study sought to understand achievement gaps among the state&apos;s children, whether existing preschool education programs is adequate, and what efficiencies could be achieved through public funding of early childhood education.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/labor/projects/ca_preschool.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Do Financial Incentives Help Low-Performing Schools Attract and Keep Academically Talented Teachers? Evidence from California</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201000154.html</id>
   <published>Jun 30, 2010</published>
   <updated>Jun 30, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">This study capitalizes on a natural experiment that occurred in California between 2000 and 2002.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201000154.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Evaluating the Impacts of School Nutrition and Physical Activity Policies on Child Health</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD257.html</id>
   <published>Jan 25, 2010</published>
   <updated>Jan 25, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Evaluates the impact of elementary school policies on child health behaviors and obesity in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD257.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND Review: Vol. 33, No. 3, Winter 2009-2010</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP22-2009-12.html</id>
   <published>Dec 23, 2009</published>
   <updated>Dec 23, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Features focus on stabilization missions, grade retention, health financing, and RAND&apos;s president; other items discuss the European Union, sodium, health insurance, retail medical clinics, energy efficiency, disaster recovery, and alcohol pricing.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP22-2009-12.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Ending Social Promotion Without Leaving Children Behind: The Case of New York City</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG894.html</id>
   <published>Oct 14, 2009</published>
   <updated>Oct 14, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The New York City Department of Education&apos;s test-based promotion and retention policy, which identifies and provides support for struggling students, has demonstrated positive effects for student achievement in fifth grade that continue into seventh grade.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG894.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Ending Social Promotion in New York City Public Schools Without Leaving Children Behind</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9470.html</id>
   <published>Oct 9, 2009</published>
   <updated>Oct 9, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;RAND researchers conducted a three-year study of New York City&apos;s promotion policy, using interviews, case studies, student surveys, and demographic and test score data to determine its effects on the outcomes of 5th-grade students held to the policy.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9470.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Retaining Students in Grade: A Literature Review of the Effects of Retention on Students&apos; Academic and Nonacademic Outcomes</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR678.html</id>
   <published>Sep 10, 2009</published>
   <updated>Sep 10, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;In 2003&amp;ndash;2004, the New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) implemented a new promotion policy for 3rd-grade students, which was later extended to 5th, 7th, and 8th graders. NYCDOE asked RAND to conduct an independent longitudinal evaluation to provide evidence of the program&apos;s impact on 5th graders. This report, one in a series documenting the results of the study, identifies and reviews the literature on grade retention.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR678.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Retaining Students in Grade: Lessons Learned Regarding Policy Design and Implementation</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR677.html</id>
   <published>Sep 10, 2009</published>
   <updated>Sep 10, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;In 2003&amp;ndash;2004, the New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) implemented a new promotion policy for 3rd-grade students, which was later extended to 5th, 7th, and 8th graders. This report, one in a series, identifies lessons learned about policy design and implementation through interviews with top-level administrators who oversee promotion and retention policies in states and districts with K&amp;ndash;8 policies and programs that are similar to those in NYC.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR677.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Qatar&apos;s K-12 Education Reform Has Achieved Success in Its Early Years</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9455.html</id>
   <published>Aug 25, 2009</published>
   <updated>Aug 25, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Describes RAND&apos;s evaluation of the progress made in the first years of Qatar&apos;s K-12 education reform.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9455.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Developing a School Finance System for K-12 Reform in Qatar</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG839.html</id>
   <published>Feb 24, 2009</published>
   <updated>Feb 24, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Reform-minded leaders of Qatar, who have embarked on a sweeping reform of their nation&apos;s education system, asked RANReform-minded leaders of Qatar, who have embarked on a sweeping reform of their nation&apos;s education system, asked RAND to evaluate the education finance system that has been adopted and to offer suggestions for improvements.D to evaluate their education finance system and offer suggestions for improvements. The authors analyze the system&apos;s evolution and resource allocation patterns between 2004 and 2006 and develop analytic tools for performing the evaluation, including a framework that allows assessment of the system in light of six main objectives.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG839.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">An Introduction to Qatar&apos;s Primary and Secondary Education Reform</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090006.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2008</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Qatar-a small, natural-resource-rich country in the Persian Gulf-has embarked on an ambitious, comprehensive effort to upgrade its educational institutions.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090006.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Food Prices and Weight Gain During Elementary School: 5-Year Update</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20081107.html</id>
   <published>Oct 31, 2008</published>
   <updated>Oct 31, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Childhood overweight has increased rapidly over the last two decades. Energy-dense foods are cheaper per calorie, which could be a partial explanation for why the highest rates of obesity are observed among groups of limited economic means.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20081107.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Ten years of reform in primary mathematics education in England: A review of effectiveness</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR632.html</id>
   <published>Sep 24, 2008</published>
   <updated>Sep 24, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Examines the effectiveness of mathematics teaching reform in British primary schools.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR632.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Creative Collaborative Approaches Work to Maintain, Extend Arts Education in Six U.S. Urban Areas</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2008/06/18.html</id>
   <published>Jun 18, 2008</published>
   <updated>Jun 18, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">Amid cutbacks in school arts education funding, public and private organizations in six urban regions have collaborated to expand access to arts learning for children in and outside of public school.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2008/06/18.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Effect of Soft Drink Availability in Elementary Schools on Consumption</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20080911.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2007</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Finds that 26% of children who have access to soft drinks at school consume them. Those who consume more soft drinks at school, such as low-income and black non-Hispanic children, are more likely to consume more soft drinks overall.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20080911.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Examining California&apos;s School Readiness and Student Achievement Gaps</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR537.html</id>
   <published>Nov 8, 2007</published>
   <updated>Nov 8, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;California&apos;s sizeable achievement gaps in English-language arts and mathematics in second and third grades have early roots, with the same groups of children that lag in academic performance in elementary school trailing in measures of school readiness when they enter kindergarten.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR537.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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