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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Environmental Regulation</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/environmental-regulation.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T14:22:12Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/environmental-regulation.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/environmental-regulation.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Reconsidering California Transport Policies: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in an Uncertain Future</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD292.html</id>
   <published>Jan 20, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 20, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Applies robust decision methods to evaluate California&apos;s transportation policies that considers multiple views of the future, and identifies strategies that consistently reduce emissions at acceptable costs regardless of future conditions.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD292.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Near-Term Opportunities for Integrating Biomass into the U.S. Electricity Supply</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR984.html</id>
   <published>Aug 2, 2011</published>
   <updated>Aug 2, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Biomass is an increasingly important source of electricity, heat, and liquid fuel. One near-term option for using it to generate electricity is to cofire biomass in coal-fired electricity plants. Factors to consider are plant-site modifications, changes in operations, costs, and logistical issues with delivering biomass to the plant.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR984.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">EPA Program Sought to Improve Environmental Performance of Public and Private Sectors</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR732.html</id>
   <published>May 23, 2010</published>
   <updated>May 23, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ended a voluntary national program that encouraged facilities to improve all aspects of their environmental performance. The significant environmental challenges that the U.S. faces require it to continue to seek complements to traditional regulatory approaches.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR732.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND Energy &amp; Environment Researcher Guide</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP540z2.html</id>
   <published>Dec 8, 2008</published>
   <updated>Dec 8, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The RAND Corporation research on energy and environment addresses a range of topics of relevance to U.S. and international audiences, including environmental quality and regulation, energy resources and systems, water resources and systems, climate change, and natural hazards and disasters.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP540z2.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Alternative Fossil Fuels Have Economic Potential but Uncertain Environmental Consequences</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2008/10/08.html</id>
   <published>Oct 8, 2008</published>
   <updated>Oct 8, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">Alternative sources of fossil fuels such as oil sands and coal-to-liquids have significant economic promise, but the environmental consequences must also be considered.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2008/10/08.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">What is the Effect of Policy on Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG663.html</id>
   <published>Dec 11, 2007</published>
   <updated>Dec 11, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The regulatory environment affects small business differently from the way it affects large ones, sometimes leading to unintended negative consequences.  An improved understanding of this effect will help lawmakers develop policy designed to advance entrepreneurship.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG663.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND Says Further Study Warranted on Save the World Air Technology</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2007/05/03/index2.html</id>
   <published>May 3, 2007</published>
   <updated>May 3, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">May 3, 2007 news release: RAND Says Further Study Warranted on Save the World Air Technology.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2007/05/03/index2.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Green But Unsafe</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2007/04/18/WSJE.html</id>
   <published>Apr 18, 2007</published>
   <updated>Apr 18, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">Published commentary by RAND staff: Green But Unsafe, in Wall Street Journal, Europe Edition.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2007/04/18/WSJE.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Smog Alert: The Challenges of Battling Ozone Pollution</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20051004.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2004</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2004</updated>
   <summary type="html"></summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20051004.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Monitoring for Fine Particulate Matter</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR974.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1998</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1998</updated>
   <summary type="html">Particulate matter (PM) comes from a variety of sources and is a mixture of many pollutants made up of several different chemical species. Monitoring to determine whether an area has met EPA standards requires a comprehensive approach.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR974.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980.: Does Superfund Increase the Cost of Capital?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19981101.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1997</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1997</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Superfund liability may impose financial risk on investors and thereby increase firms&apos; costs of capital.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19981101.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Superfund Liability Reform: Implications for Transaction Costs and Site Cleanup</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CT125.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1994</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1994</updated>
   <summary type="html">This publication contains the written statement of Lloyd S. Dixon submitted on March 10, 1995, to the Subcommittee on Superfund, Waste Control and Risk Assessment of the United States Senate Environment and Public Works Committee.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CT125.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Fixing Superfund: The Effect of the  Proposed Superfund Reform Act of 1994 on Transaction Costs</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR455.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1993</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1993</updated>
   <summary type="html">This report focuses on the possible effect of the proposed Superfund Reform Act of 1994 on transaction costs -- costs resulting not from cleanup but from assigning liability for cleanup among the various parties.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR455.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Fixing Superfund: Getting the Formula Right</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9019.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1993</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1993</updated>
   <summary type="html">This research brief describes the contentious interactions among firms that generated or transported hazardous wastes and are thus liable for cleanup.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9019.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Private-Sector Cleanup Expenditures and Transaction Costs at 18 Superfund Sites</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR204.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1993</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1993</updated>
   <summary type="html">This report will be of interest to those evaluating Superfund&apos;s liability-based approach to cleaning up the thousands of abandoned or inactive sites across the United States that are contaminated with hazardous substances.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR204.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND Research on Superfund Transaction Costs: A Summary of Findings to Date</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CT111.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1992</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1992</updated>
   <summary type="html">This publication contains the written statement of Lloyd S. Dixon submitted on November 4, 1993 to the Subcommittee on Superfund, Recycling, and Solid Waste of the United States Senate Environment and Public Works Committee.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CT111.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Superfund and Transaction Costs: The Experiences of Insurers and Very Large Industrial Firms</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R4132.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1991</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1991</updated>
   <summary type="html">Congress enacted the Superfund program in 1980 to clean up the nation&apos;s worst inactive hazardous-waste sites. Superfund uses a liability-based approach intended to help government tap private-sector resources to finance and conduct cleanups.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R4132.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Superfund: The Private-Sector Experience</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9017.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1991</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1991</updated>
   <summary type="html">This research brief examines the extent of the involvement of private parties with Superfund site cleanup.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9017.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Analyzing Environmental Policies for Chlorinated Solvents with a Model of Markets and Regulations</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N3267.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1990</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1990</updated>
   <summary type="html">Concerns the regulation of the five most widely used chlorinated solvents.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/N3267.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Understanding Superfund: A Progress Report</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R3838.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1988</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1988</updated>
   <summary type="html">The Superfund program is intended to handle emergencies arising from the release of hazardous wastes, to provide long-term cleanup for a limited number of sites, and to encourage more responsible disposal of hazardous wastes in the future.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R3838.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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