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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Female Populations</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/female-populations.xml"/>
     <updated>2013-05-13T15:36:44Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/female-populations.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2013, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/female-populations.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Refining and Evaluating a Financial &quot;Bootcamp&quot; for Women</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/labor/centers/financial-literacy/projects/financial-bootcamp.html</id>
   <published>Jan 6, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 6, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Women continue to lag behind men, not only in income, but in overall financial capability and retirement preparedness. A financial &quot;bootcamp&quot; may hold promise as a financial education program for early to mid-career women.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/labor/centers/financial-literacy/projects/financial-bootcamp.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Does Transferring Cash to Women Improve Household Well-Being?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/randeurope/research/projects/cash-transfers.html</id>
   <published>Aug 27, 2010</published>
   <updated>Aug 27, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">Many cash transfer programmes designate women and mothers as transfer recipients, on the assumption that doing so will lead to better outcomes. RAND Europe is undertaking a systematic review for the UK Department for International Development to assess whether transferring cash to women rather than men in low- and middle-income countries has a greater impact on household well-being. </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/randeurope/research/projects/cash-transfers.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Terror&apos;s &apos;Invisible Women&apos;</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/04/04/LAT.html</id>
   <published>Apr 4, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 4, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">For their part, a younger generation of female jihadists has come to believe that acts of violence can be just as liberating politically and spiritually for women as for men, writes Karla Cunningham.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/04/04/LAT.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Celebrating Birth Control on Mother&apos;s Day? Not as Counterintuitive as It Sounds</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/05/11/MS.html</id>
   <published>May 11, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 11, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Reliable birth control contributed to economic development by reducing women&apos;s risk of dropping out of school associated with early childbearing and high fertility rates, contributing in turn to increases in women&apos;s labor force participation, the continuity of their careers, and the standard of living of women, children and families, writes Chloe Bird.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/05/11/MS.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Link Between Breast Implants and Rare Lymphoma Confirmed, Reassurance on Prognosis Offered</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/04/19/index1.html</id>
   <published>Apr 19, 2011</published>
   <updated>Apr 19, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Breast implants appear to be associated with a rare form of lymphoma, but there is not yet evidence to show that the cancer is caused by implants or to suggest an underlying mechanism for how the disease might develop.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/04/19/index1.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Older Women More Likely to Have Lower Cognitive Function if They Live in Low-Income Neighborhoods</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/08/02.html</id>
   <published>Aug 2, 2011</published>
   <updated>Aug 2, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Older women who live in a lower socioeconomic status neighborhood are more likely to exhibit lower cognitive functioning than women who live in more affluent neighborhoods.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/08/02.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Current and Former First Ladies Gather at RAND Forum in New York to Expand Leadership on Women&apos;s Issues</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2012/09/26.html</id>
   <published>Sep 26, 2012</published>
   <updated>Sep 26, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Ten current and former African first ladies joined former U.S. first lady Laura Bush and Cherie Blair, wife of the former U.K. prime minister, today at a Pardee RAND Graduate School-organized forum focused on becoming more effective leaders.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2012/09/26.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Immigrant Women in the U.S. Workforce: Who Struggles? Who Succeeds?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/commercial_books/CB387.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1999</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1999</updated>
   <summary type="html">This study represents a first effort to systematically describe the experience of immigrant women in the U.S. labor market over the past thirty years.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/commercial_books/CB387.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">What is the Relationship Between Gender and Health?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/commercial_books/CB412.html</id>
   <published>Mar 27, 2008</published>
   <updated>Mar 27, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Modern societies&apos; health problems involve a combination of policies, personal behavior, and choice.  An examination of the ways men&apos;s and women&apos;s lives and physiology contribute to differences in their health demonstates the importance of integrating health implications into everyday decisions and actions.
&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/commercial_books/CB412.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Gender Differences in Depression Detection: A Comparison of Clinician Diagnosis and Standardized Assessment</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19911208.html</id>
   <published>Dec 1, 1991</published>
   <updated>Dec 1, 1991</updated>
   <summary type="html">Assesses the extent to which 523 medical and mental health clinicians tend to diagnose depression differentially on the basis of gender of 23,101 patients.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19911208.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Influence of Risk Factors on Breast Carcinoma Screening of Medicare-insured Older Women</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19960015.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1996</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1996</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This study was conducted to determine whether selected risk factors influence the breast carcinoma screening rates of Medicare-insured older women (i.e., age 65 years or older).&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19960015.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Effects of Health Beliefs on Screening Mammography Utilization Among a Diverse Sample of Older Women</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19960060.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1996</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1996</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Screening mammography is particularly effective in detecting breast cancer in elderly women, but women ages 65 and over tend to underutilize it.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19960060.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Gender Matters: An Integrated Model for Understanding Men&apos;s and Women&apos;s Health</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19990030.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1999</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1999</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Health research has failed to adequately explore the combination of social and biological sources of differences it men&apos;s and women&apos;s health.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19990030.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Quality of Care for Women: Where Are We Now and Where Are We Headed?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19990308.html</id>
   <published>Mar 1, 1999</published>
   <updated>Mar 1, 1999</updated>
   <summary type="html">This article reviews what is known currently about quality of care for women in the United States.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19990308.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">New Approach to Assessing Clinical Quality of Care for Women: The QA Tool System</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19990707.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1999</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1999</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This system provides greater flexibility in evaluating different levels within the health care system, focuses on individuals&apos; overall experiences with health care over a 2-year period, emphasizes process measure which are more useful for accountability purposes, and contains a large number of process indicators across a number of preventive, acute, and chronic care services to fairly represent the quality of care delivered.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19990707.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Sheltered Versus Nonsheltered Homeless Women Differences in Health, Behavior, Victimization, and Utilization of Care</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20000812.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2000</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2000</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Compares the sociodemographic characteristics, physical and mental health status, substance use, sexual behaviors, victimization, and use of health services of homeless women residing in sheltered versus non-sheltered environments.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20000812.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Comparison of Psychosocial and Behavioral Profiles of Victimized and Nonvictimized Homeless Women and Their Intimate Partners</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20010035.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2001</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2001</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this study was to examine the psychosocial, behavioral, and environmental profiles of homeless women.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20010035.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">A New Approach for Measuring Quality of Care for Women with Hypertension</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20010504.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2001</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2001</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Guidelines for care of hypertensive patients have proliferated recently, yet quality assessment remains difficult in the absence of well-defined measurement systems. Existing systems have not always linked process measures to blood pressure outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20010504.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Psychological Distress, Unmet Need, and Barriers to Mental Health Care for Women</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20010508.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2001</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2001</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Using data from the Commonwealth Fund 1998 Survey of Women&apos;s Health, this article describes the characteristics of women in need of mental health services for depression or anxiety, and identifies factors related to why women do not get needed care.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20010508.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Use of Contraceptive Methods Among Homeless Women for Protection Against Unwanted Pregnancies and Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Prior Use and Willingness to Use in the Future</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20010511.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2001</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2001</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Gaps between realized use and willingness to use may represent missed opportunities to prevent the high rates of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections found among homeless women.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20010511.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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