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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Functional Status</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/functional-status.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T14:13:42Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/functional-status.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/functional-status.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Older Women More Likely to Have Lower Cognitive Function if They Live in Low-Income Neighborhoods</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/08/02.html</id>
   <published>Aug 2, 2011</published>
   <updated>Aug 2, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Older women who live in a lower socioeconomic status neighborhood are more likely to exhibit lower cognitive functioning than women who live in more affluent neighborhoods.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/08/02.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Older Women More Likely to Have Lower Cognitive Function if They Live in Low-Income Neighborhoods</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100151.html</id>
   <published>Aug 2, 2011</published>
   <updated>Aug 2, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Older women who live in a lower socioeconomic status neighborhood are more likely to exhibit lower cognitive functioning than women who live in more affluent neighborhoods&amp;mdash;regardless of their own education level or income.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100151.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Impact of Functional Status on Life Expectancy in Older Persons</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20100044.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2009</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">Functional status has a dramatic impact on life expectancy. 75-year-olds without limitations can expect to live 5 years longer than those with limitations in performing daily activities and more than 1 year longer than those with limited mobility.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20100044.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Predictors of Sexual Behavior Among Early and Middle Adolescents Affected By Maternal HIV</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201000183.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2009</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">Sexual behavior among adolescents with HIV-positive mothers was less prevalent than among other adolescents, but was more likely to occur with adolescent alcohol use, lack of parental monitoring, and poorer physical functioning of HIV-positive mothers.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201000183.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Medicare Capitation Model, Functional Status, and Multiple Comorbidities: Model Accuracy</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20081017.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2007</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Examines financial implications of the Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services Hierarchical Condition Categories risk-adjustment model on Medicare payments for individuals with comorbid chronic conditions. Some payments were underpredicted.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20081017.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">An Assessment Tool Translation Study</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20030316.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2002</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2002</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This article describes the translation efforts and some of the problems that led policymakers to abandon the effort.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20030316.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Use of the SF-36 and Other Health-Related Quality of Life Measures to Assess Persons with Disabilities</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20021204.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2001</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2001</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This article evaluates the appropriateness of existing approaches to the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for persons with disabilities.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20021204.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Development of the 25-Item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20010712.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2000</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2000</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The reliability and validity of the NEI VFQ-25 are comparable to those of the 51-item NEI VFQ field test version of the survey. This shorter version will be more feasible in settings such as clinical trials where interview length is a critical consideration.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20010712.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Physical and Role Functioning Among Persons with HIV: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20000040.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1999</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1999</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Functional limitations of persons living with HIV affect their care needs and ability to perform social roles such as employment.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20000040.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Impact of Irritable Bowel Syndrome on Health-Related Quality of Life</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20000908.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1999</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1999</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Few data are available to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20000908.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Predicting Future Functional Status for Seriously Ill Hospitalized Adults: The SUPPORT Prognostic Model</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19950009.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1994</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1994</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Develop a model estimating the probability of an adult patient having severe functional limitations 2 months after being hospitalized with one of nine serious illnesses.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19950009.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Measuring Patient-Reported Health Status in Advanced HIV Disease: HIV-PARSE Survey Instrument</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR342.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1993</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1993</updated>
   <summary type="html">Interest in using patient reported health status assessments as an outcome in clinical trials of therapies for HIV disease is increasing. This document presents such an assessment, the HIV-PARSE survey instrument.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR342.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): Tests of Data Quality, Scaling Assumptions, and Reliability Across Diverse Patient Groups</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19940101.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1993</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1993</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;These findings support the use of the SF-36 survey across the diverse populations studied and identify population groups in which use of standardized health status measures may or may not be problematic.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19940101.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Development of a Resource-Based Patient Classification Scheme for Rehabilitation</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19930302.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1992</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1992</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Efforts are currently underway to develop a prospective payment system for inpatient medical rehabilitation. In this study, a clinically based, condition-specific patient classification scheme was developed that includes 33 patient groupings, referred to as Functional Related Groups (FRGs).&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19930302.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Psychological Distress/well-Being and Cognitive Functioning Measures</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920051.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1992</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1992</updated>
   <summary type="html">In the assessment of psychological distress and well-being, long considered a primary indicator of mental health, two historic issues, affective vs. somatic symptoms and negative vs. positive emotions, have already been resolved.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920051.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Summary and Discussion of MOS Measures</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920054.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1992</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1992</updated>
   <summary type="html">The MOS measures reflect the influence and contributions of many other investigators in the field of health assessment. The measures are based most directly on the health measures developed for the RAND Health Insurance Experiment (HIE), which in turn were based  on the work of many others.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920054.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Preliminary Tests of a 6-Item General Health Survey: A Patient Application</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920057.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1992</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1992</updated>
   <summary type="html">This chapter presents a description of the survey instrument designed to measure the six health concepts selected by MOS (physical, social, role functioning, bodily pain, mental health under psychological distress, and general health perceptions) using a single-item measure for each.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920057.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Health Perceptions, Energy/Fatigue, and Health Distress Measures</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920053.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1992</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1992</updated>
   <summary type="html">Health perceptions are personal beliefs and evaluations of general health status. These perceptions focus on health in general rather than on either physical or mental components specifically.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920053.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Method of Validating MOS Health Measures</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920056.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1992</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1992</updated>
   <summary type="html">This chapter presents an overview of the essential steps necessary to validate health measures and indicates the types of validation studies that have been performed on the MOS measures.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920056.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Social Functioning: Sexual Problems Measures</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920052.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1992</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1992</updated>
   <summary type="html">Sexual functioning is commonly defined by sexual problems and dysfunction. The MOS limited the definition to include any impairment of the capacity of an adult man or woman to achieve sexual arousal and orgasm.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19920052.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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