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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Global Climate Change</title>
     <link rel="self" href="https://www.rand.org/topics/global-climate-change.xml"/>
     <updated>2017-07-17T19:22:01Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="https://www.rand.org/topics/global-climate-change.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2017, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>https://www.rand.org/topics/global-climate-change.html</id>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Infrastructure Design Must Change with Climate</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Robert J. Lempert</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/blog/2016/08/infrastructure-design-must-change-with-climate.html</id>
   <published>Aug 12, 2016</published>
   <updated>Aug 12, 2016</updated>
   <summary type="html">Until recently, infrastructure engineers could use data on past weather to predict future climate. But this is no longer an option. More and more, engineers must consider the effects of climate change. Failure to do so would threaten public safety.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/blog/2016/08/infrastructure-design-must-change-with-climate.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Urban Responses to Climate Change</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Debra Knopman; Robert J. Lempert</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1144.html</id>
   <published>Dec 7, 2016</published>
   <updated>Dec 7, 2016</updated>
   <summary type="html">This report presents a decisionmaking framework and supporting indicators for urban responses to climate change based on risk governance, emphasizing capacities to transform policies, institutions, financing, and other actions to affect change.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1144.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Heat Wave Vulnerability Mapping for India</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Gulrez Shah Azhar; Shubhayu Saha; Partha Ganguly; Dileep Mavalankar; Jaime Madrigano</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67084.html</id>
   <published>Apr 4, 2017</published>
   <updated>Apr 4, 2017</updated>
   <summary type="html">Indexing relative variation in heat-related vulnerability across all of India can help planners, policy makers, and disaster mitigation experts target climate adaptation efforts.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67084.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Anthropogenic Warming Impacts on California Snowpack During Drought</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Neil Berg; Alexander Dean Hall</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67077.html</id>
   <published>Mar 28, 2017</published>
   <updated>Mar 28, 2017</updated>
   <summary type="html">Anthropogenic warming reduced average snowpack levels by 25%, with middle-to-low elevations experiencing reductions between 26 and 43%. Further snowpack declines of 60&amp;ndash;85% are expected, depending on emissions scenario.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67077.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Evaluation of the Jinan City Water Ecological Development Implementation Plan and Recommendations for Improvement</title>
   <author>
   	<name>David Groves; Debra Knopman; James Syme; Nidhi Kalra; Zhimin Mao</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1682.html</id>
   <published>Mar 9, 2017</published>
   <updated>Mar 9, 2017</updated>
   <summary type="html">RAND evaluated potential effects of uncertain projections of demand and climate change on the ability of the Jinan Municipal Water Resources Bureau to meet its long-term water resources goals for Shandong Province&apos;s capital city.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1682.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">How to Maintain Arctic Cooperation with Russia</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Stephanie Pezard; Abbie Tingstad; Kristin Van Abel; Scott Stephenson</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1731.html</id>
   <published>Mar 2, 2017</published>
   <updated>Mar 2, 2017</updated>
   <summary type="html">Despite tensions between Russia and the West, Arctic cooperation has remained intact. But America should prepare for changes that may alter Moscow&apos;s incentives. These include rising interest in Arctic resources and greater maritime access due to climate change.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1731.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Tipping Points in the Arctic</title>
   <author>
   	<name>RAND Corporation</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/multimedia/audio/2017/03/02/tipping-points-in-the-arctic.html</id>
   <published>Mar 2, 2017</published>
   <updated>Mar 2, 2017</updated>
   <summary type="html">In this Events @ RAND podcast, a panel of experts discuss several potential economic, environmental, and political &quot;game changers&quot; that could affect strategic decisions in the Arctic region. </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/multimedia/audio/2017/03/02/tipping-points-in-the-arctic.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Exploring America&apos;s Role in a Turbulent World</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Andrew R. Hoehn; Richard H. Solomon; Sonni Efron; Frank Camm; Anita Chandra; Debra Knopman; Burgess Laird; Robert J. Lempert; Howard Shatz; Casimir Yost</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9944.html</id>
   <published>Jan 18, 2017</published>
   <updated>Jan 18, 2017</updated>
   <summary type="html">The post&#8211;Cold War era is over. The United States faces new challenges abroad and rising political polarization at home. How should America advance its interests and pursue new opportunities around the world?</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9944.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Domestic Political Discord Is Now the Greatest Threat to U.S. Global Leadership</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Andrew R. Hoehn; Richard H. Solomon; Sonni Efron; Frank Camm; Anita Chandra; Debra Knopman; Burgess Laird; Robert J. Lempert; Howard Shatz; Casimir Yost</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1631.html</id>
   <published>Jan 18, 2017</published>
   <updated>Jan 18, 2017</updated>
   <summary type="html">The United States needs a coherent international strategy for today&apos;s turbulent world. But this will be hard to pursue without more domestic political consensus on America&apos;s global role.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1631.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">NATO, Climate Change, and International Security</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Tyler H. Lippert</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD387.html</id>
   <published>Dec 30, 2016</published>
   <updated>Dec 30, 2016</updated>
   <summary type="html">Offers a prospective analysis of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the anticipated security consequences of climate change.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD387.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Urban Responses to Climate Change</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Debra Knopman; Robert J. Lempert</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1144.html</id>
   <published>Dec 7, 2016</published>
   <updated>Dec 7, 2016</updated>
   <summary type="html">More than 80 percent of the U.S. population lives in  urban areas. Thus, cities lie at the epicenter of America&apos;s response to climate change. Analysis can inform how cities choose strategies and allocate resources.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1144.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Building a Sustainable International Order</title>
   <author>
   	<name>RAND Corporation</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/nsrd/projects/international-order.html</id>
   <published>Oct 19, 2016</published>
   <updated>Oct 19, 2016</updated>
   <summary type="html">Experts are assessing challenges to the post-war international order and how U.S. strategy might adapt to today&apos;s changing world.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/nsrd/projects/international-order.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html"> Climate Change May Increase Future Exposure of U.S. Infrastructure to Natural Hazards</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Henry H. Willis; Anu Narayanan; Jordan R. Fischbach; Edmundo Molina-Perez; Chuck Stelzner; Kathleen Loa; Lauren Kendrick</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1453.html</id>
   <published>Jul 12, 2016</published>
   <updated>Jul 12, 2016</updated>
   <summary type="html">Exposure to natural hazards such as flooding, drought, and wildfires is projected to be larger and more uncertain in the future because of the effects of sea level rise and changes in temperature and precipitation patterns. </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1453.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Characterizing National Exposures to Infrastructure from Natural Disasters</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Anu Narayanan; Henry H. Willis; Jordan R. Fischbach; Drake Warren; Edmundo Molina-Perez; Chuck Stelzner; Kathleen Loa; Lauren Kendrick; Paul Sorensen; Tom LaTourrette</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1453z1.html</id>
   <published>Jul 12, 2016</published>
   <updated>Jul 12, 2016</updated>
   <summary type="html">This report serves as the technical documentation and reference document for the data, methods, and analytic approach used in the analysis of national exposures to infrastructure from natural disasters.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1453z1.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Climate Change, Migration, and Adaptation in the MENA Region</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Quentin Wodon; Nicholas Burger; Audra K. Grant; Andrea Liverani</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP66429.html</id>
   <published>Apr 18, 2016</published>
   <updated>Apr 18, 2016</updated>
   <summary type="html">Climate change is a major source of concern in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This chapter is based in large part on new data collected in 2011 in Algeria, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Morocco, the Syrian Arab Republic, and the Republic of Yemen.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP66429.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Water Management, Partnerships, Rights, and Market Trends</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Beth E. Lachman; Susan A. Resetar; Nidhi Kalra; Agnes Gereben Schaefer; Aimee E. Curtright</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR933.html</id>
   <published>Apr 5, 2016</published>
   <updated>Apr 5, 2016</updated>
   <summary type="html">This report assesses water management, partnerships, rights, and market trends and opportunities, and how Army installations can potentially use them to improve programs and investments in water and wastewater systems.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR933.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Directed International Technological Change and Climate Policy</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Edmundo Molina-Perez</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD369.html</id>
   <published>Mar 11, 2016</published>
   <updated>Mar 11, 2016</updated>
   <summary type="html">Explores new methods to the study of international technological change and climate policy providing useful insights that can be used for designing a robust architecture of international technological cooperation for climate change mitigation.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD369.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Climate and Energy Analysis: Reinvigorating the Scenario Technique</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Evelina Trutnevyte; C&amp;eacute;line Guivarch; Robert J. Lempert; Neil Strachan</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP66310.html</id>
   <published>Feb 4, 2016</published>
   <updated>Feb 4, 2016</updated>
   <summary type="html">Scenarios are widely used for long-term climate and energy analysis, but scenario developers and users typically capture only a subset of future uncertainties. By adopting three focal points as part of this methodology, researchers can expand uncertainty consideration and gather user-specific insights.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP66310.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND Experts on the Paris Climate Change Accord</title>
   <author>
   	<name>RAND Corporation</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/multimedia/audio/2015/12/17/paris-climate-change-accord.html</id>
   <published>Dec 17, 2015</published>
   <updated>Dec 17, 2015</updated>
   <summary type="html">RAND experts discuss the agreement adopted in Paris at the COP21 summit and discuss what comes next.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/multimedia/audio/2015/12/17/paris-climate-change-accord.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Effect of Near-Term Policy Choices on Long-Term Greenhouse Gas Transformation Pathways</title>
   <author>
   	<name>Steven C. Isley; Robert J. Lempert; Steven W. Popper; Raffaele Vardavas</name>
   	</author>  
   <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP50876.html</id>
   <published>Nov 23, 2015</published>
   <updated>Nov 23, 2015</updated>
   <summary type="html">This paper introduces a new agent-based, game theoretic model designed to compare how near-term choices regarding alternative policy architectures influence long-term emission reduction trajectories.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP50876.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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