Population-specific differences in access to quality health care, whether caused by gender, race, geography, environment, or other factors, can affect individual and community health. RAND research aims to understand the causes of—and thereby reduce disparities in—health outcomes, access, and care at the individual, community, and international levels.
Across the United States in 2009, overall cancer incidence was 4 percent higher among blacks than among whites. The disparity was more striking in Washington, D.C., where the overall cancer incidence among black residents was 54 percent higher than the incidence among white residents.
A decade of unprecedented efforts in Arkansas has cut cigarette use by nearly one-third and reduced incidence of tobacco-related illnesses such as heart attacks and stroke. To maintain the gains it has made, Arkansas should continue its financial commitment of devoting the tobacco settlement funds to public health programs.
This summary of the external evaluation of Arkansas Tobacco Settlement Commission activities looks at program implementation and changes in health outcomes associated with seven health-related programs funded by the Master Settlement Agreement over the past decade.
Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment has transformed HIV from a death sentence to a chronic condition, allowing patients to live longer and healthier lives. Options for reducing costs of ARV medications should be explored in order to allow more people to receive treatment.
Examines whether small financial incentives for patients can motivate physician visits and reduce racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension.
Mexican citizens are living longer and overall have experienced an improvement in the quality of life compared to that of prior generations. However, the demographic transition in Mexico, combined with the lack of formal sources of income in retirement, places many older persons in a state of financial insecurity.
Describes the income security, health status, and health care coverage of older persons in Mexico and presents policy recommendations that may lead to increased old-age income security and health in Mexico.
Describes the income security, health status, and health care coverage of older persons in Mexico and presents policy recommendations that may lead to increased old-age income security and health in Mexico (Spanish-language version).
Describes the income security, health status, and health care coverage of older persons in Mexico and presents policy recommendations that may lead to increased old-age income security and health in Mexico (Spanish-language version).
Updates RAND's evaluation of the antismoking and health programs established by the state of Arkansas with its share of the tobacco Master Settlement Agreement funds.
Describes a web-based mapping tool to help healthcare decisionmakers identify neighborhood-level ''hotspots'' of suboptimal health or healthcare that may be due to low health literacy.
Assesses health and health care use among youth in Washington, D.C., using a unique combination of survey, administrative, and focus group data, and offers recommendations for addressing District children's health needs.
Discusses issues surrounding the health of Hispanics in general, and of Hispanic immigrants in particular.
The first multi-dimensional effort to quantify the disparities faced by African-American and Latino boys and men in California across a broad spectrum of health and social factors provides a disquieting outlook for their lives.
The summary discusses some of the greatest socioeconomic, health, safety, and school readiness disparities for boys and men of color in California and reviews strategies to reduce disparities, including effective programs, practices, and policies.
Updates RAND's evaluation of the antismoking and health programs established by the state of Arkansas with its share of the tobacco Master Settlement Agreement funds.
Investigates the relationship between metropolitan-level segregation measures and individual-level health outcomes and estimates the causal impact of neighborhood disadvantage on health.
Develops a method to assess racial and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes and shows that the importance of risk factors and birth outcome measures varies by race/ethnicity, gender, and time.
Evaluates the progress of Arkansas' seven health related programs funded by the tobacco Master Settlement Agreement.
Evaluates the progress and implementation of the Arkansas tobacco settlement program.
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