Infectious Diseases

Contents:

Research conducted by: RAND Health

All Items (521)

Journal Article

Diagnostics as Essential Tools for Containing Antibacterial Resistance — Apr 1, 2011

Appropriate use of existing diagnostic tests for infections, and development of better ones, could reduce overuse of antibacterial drugs.

Journal Article

Increased Substance Use and Risky Sexual Behavior Among Migratory Homeless Youth: Exploring the Role of Social Network Composition — Mar 12, 2011

Young homeless "travelers" engage in higher risk behavior than non-traveler homeless and may have different service needs and require different service approaches.

Project

How Can Antiretroviral Therapy Prevent HIV/AIDS? — Feb 18, 2011

Many complex issues surround the use of antiretroviral therapy as HIV prevention. RAND Europe is partnering with several organisations on Mapping Pathways, a project that will explore potential treatment regimes and conduct research, community engagement, and policy work in the U.S., India, and South Africa.

Journal Article

Congregation-based Programs to Address HIV/AIDS: Elements of Successful Implementation — Feb 18, 2011

This systematic review distills lessons on successfully implementing congregation HIV efforts.

Research Brief

Seasonal Flu Vaccination: Why Don't More Americans Get It? — Feb 14, 2011

RAND researchers found that less than half of U.S. adults received flu vaccinations in 2010. Strategies to increase flu vaccination rates should include stronger efforts to address public skepticism and negative perceptions.

Journal Article

High Prevalence of Wuchereria Bancrofti Infection as Detected By Immunochromatographic Card Testing in Five Districts of Orissa, India, Previously Considered to Be Non-Endemic — Feb 1, 2011

Lymphatic filariasis is endemic in districts of India where control programs are not operational.

Journal Article

Discrimination as a Key Mediator of the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress and HIV Treatment Adherence Among African American Men — Feb 1, 2011

This study highlights the critical role that discrimination plays in adherence to antiretroviral therapy among African American men experiencing posttraumatic stress.

Journal Article

Workplace Efforts to Promote Influenza Vaccination Among Healthcare Personnel and Their Association with Uptake During the 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) — Feb 1, 2011

Making influenza vaccination available to healthcare personnel at work could increase uptake and highlight the need to reach beyond hospitals in promoting vaccination among these workers.

Journal Article

Hispanic Seniors Less Likely to Be Immunized Against Flu and Pneumonia — Jan 24, 2011

Seniors of Hispanic descent are far less likely to become immunized against the flu or pneumonia compared to similar White seniors. Those who prefer speaking Spanish and live in linguistically isolated communities are least likely to be immunized.

News Release

Hispanic Seniors Less Likely to Be Immunized Against Flu and Pneumonia — Jan 24, 2011

Seniors of Hispanic descent are far less likely to become immunized against the flu or pneumonia compared to similar White seniors.

Commentary

Vaccine Myths Could Cost Lives: They Don't Give You Autism, and They'll Hardly Ever Make You Sick — Jan 13, 2011

Immunization remains the best and first line of defense against serious infectious illness. This year's seasonal flu shot incorporates vaccine for H1N1. It's safe, and it's vitally important to get it, write Art Kellermann and Katherine Harris.

Journal Article

Who Knew? Awareness of Being Recommended for Influenza Vaccination Among US Adults — Jan 1, 2011

The CDC recommends annual influenza vaccination for all people aged 6 months and older unless contraindicated, but most US adults don't know that the vaccination recommendation is universal.

Journal Article

Behavioral Health and Social Normative Influence: Correlates of Concurrent Sexual Partnering Among Heterosexually-Active Homeless Men — Jan 1, 2011

Sexual concurrency poses significant HIV/STI transmission risk.

Journal Article

Sex and Relationships on the Street: How Homeless Men Judge Partner Risk on Skid Row — Jan 1, 2011

Homeless men on LA's Skid Row use visual and behavioral cues, social reputation, feelings of trust, perceived relationship seriousness, and medically inaccurate ''folk'' beliefs to judge whether partners were risky and/or condom use was warranted.

Journal Article

A Closer Look at Depression and Its Relationship to HIV Antiretroviral Adherence — Jan 1, 2011

Cognitive depressive symptoms and severe depression appear to pose strong challenges to adherence and highlight the need for early detection and treatment of depression.

Journal Article

PartyIntents: A Portal Survey to Assess Gay and Bisexual Men's Risk Behaviors at Weekend Parties — Jan 1, 2011

Portal survey methods can be used to anonymously survey gay and bisexual men about HIV-risk behaviors before and after a weekend party–oriented vacation.

Journal Article

HIV Risk and Perceptions of Masculinity Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men — Jan 1, 2011

These interviews with young black men who have sex with men showed that perception of masculinity was the primary contextual factor influencing partner selection, risk assessment, and decision-making with regard to condom usage.

Journal Article

Depression in the Pathway of HIV Antiretroviral Effects on Sexual Risk Behavior Among Patients in Uganda — Jan 1, 2011

A controlled study of HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa found that ART increase sexual activity and condom use, but depression undercuts the prevention benefits of ART, highlighting the need to integrate mental health services into HIV care.

Journal Article

Patient Characteristics Associated with HCV Treatment Adherence, Treatment Completion and Sustained Virologic Response in HIV Co-Infected Patients — Jan 1, 2011

Good mental health may be an indicator of readiness to adhere to treatment for Hepatitis C among individuals who also have HIV.

Journal Article

HIV Risks and Seroprevalence Among Mexican American Injection Drug Users in California — Jan 1, 2011

Mexican American injection drug users reported fewer sex-related risks than Whites and African Americans. Mexican Americans were more likely to participate in drug treatment during a 6 month period, but less likely to receive any health care.

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Researcher Spotlight

Amber Jaycocks

Assistant Policy Analyst

Amber Jaycocks

Amber Jaycocks is a doctoral candidate at the Pardee RAND Graduate School and an assistant policy analyst at the RAND Corporation. Her research interests are in applied quantitative policy approaches across health, environment, finance, and defense policy settings. While her project portfolio…

Melinda Moore

Associate Director for Global Public Health, Global Health Initiative, RAND Health

Melinda Moore

Melinda Moore is a public health physician and senior natural scientist at RAND. She is also a professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School. Moore previously served with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for 20 years and the Department of Health and Human Services' Office Global…

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