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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Mathematics</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/mathematics.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T14:35:18Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/mathematics.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/mathematics.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Is the United States Losing Its Edge in Science and Technology?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/multimedia/audio/2009/05/14/is-united-states-losing-edge-science-technology.html</id>
   <published>Jan 6, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 6, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">On May 14, 2009, Titus Galama discussed the reality of U.S. competitiveness in science and technology and whether gains by China, India, and other nations are affecting America&apos;s chances of remaining a scientific leader.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/multimedia/audio/2009/05/14/is-united-states-losing-edge-science-technology.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Travel Using Managed Lanes: An Application of a Stated Choice Model for Houston, Texas</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100181.html</id>
   <published>Jul 31, 2011</published>
   <updated>Jul 31, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The mean value of travel time savings obtained from a random parameters logit model estimated using the respondents who received the D-efficient design survey was closer to what is typically found in the literature.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100181.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">An Experiment to Evaluate the Efficacy of Cognitive Tutor Geometry</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20100057.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2009</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This randomized, controlled field trial estimated the causal impact of a technology-based geometry curriculum on students&apos; geometry achievement, as well as their attitudes toward mathematics and technology.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20100057.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Classroom Assessment Practices, Teacher Judgments, and Students Achievement in Mathematics: Evidence from the ECLS</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090002.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2008</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;In this study the authors use data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey third- and fifth-grade samples to investigate teacher judgments of student achievement and other measures.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090002.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">A Longitudinal Investigation of the Relationship Between Teachers&apos; Self-Reports of Reform-Oriented Instruction and Mathematics and Science Achievement</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090902.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2008</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This study explored the relationship between mathematics and science achievement and reform-oriented teaching over a 3-year period.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090902.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Dynamics of Deterrence</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090824.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2008</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">Game theory and other simulations show that, if potential criminal offenders are sufficiently deterrable, increasing the conditional probability of punishment (given violation) can reduce the amount of punishment actually inflicted, by &quot;tipping&quot; a situation from its high-violation equilibrium to its low-violation equilibrium.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090824.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Empirical Models of Discrete Choice and Belief Updating in Observational Learning Experiments</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090013.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2008</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Contrary to previous conclusions, the authors find that respondents do not tend to overweight private information when updating beliefs.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090013.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Ten years of reform in primary mathematics education in England: A review of effectiveness</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR632.html</id>
   <published>Sep 24, 2008</published>
   <updated>Sep 24, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Examines the effectiveness of mathematics teaching reform in British primary schools.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR632.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">U.S. Education Department Gives RAND $6 Million Grant to Evaluate Math Curriculum of Carnegie Learning</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2007/04/05/index1.html</id>
   <published>Apr 5, 2007</published>
   <updated>Apr 5, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">April 5, 2007 news release: U.S. Education Department Gives RAND $6 Million Grant to Evaluate Math Curriculum of Carnegie Learning.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2007/04/05/index1.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Sensitivity of Value-Added Teacher Effect Estimates to Different Mathematics Achievement Measures</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1269.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2006</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2006</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Conclusions about individual teachers&apos; performance based on value-added models can be sensitive to the ways in which student achievement is measured.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1269.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">What Can TIMSS Surveys Tell Us About Mathematics Reforms in the United States During the 1990s?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20070035.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2006</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2006</updated>
   <summary type="html"></summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20070035.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Use of a Matching Algorithm to Evaluate Hospital Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Performance as an Alternative to Conventional Risk Adjustment</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20070423.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2006</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2006</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Basing outcome assessment on either matching or regression modeling yielded similar findings on hospital ranking but only moderate level of agreement on hospital quality.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20070423.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Does Reform-Oriented Teaching Make a Difference? The Relationship Between Teaching Practices and Achievement in Mathematics and Science</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9211.html</id>
   <published>Nov 14, 2006</published>
   <updated>Nov 14, 2006</updated>
   <summary type="html">This research brief summarizes a three-year study of the relationship between reform-oriented instruction and student performance in mathematics and science.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9211.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Improving Mathematics and Science Education</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG480.html</id>
   <published>Sep 25, 2006</published>
   <updated>Sep 25, 2006</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;A multiyear, National Science Foundation-funded study found weak positive associations between reform-oriented mathematics and science instruction and achievement. Encouraging teachers to adopt such instruction is unlikely to be an effective strategy for promoting large and rapid student improvement.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG480.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html"> Making Europe a Home Fit for the Next Einstein</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2006/02/22/FT.html</id>
   <published>Feb 22, 2006</published>
   <updated>Feb 22, 2006</updated>
   <summary type="html">Published commentary by RAND staff:  Making Europe a Home Fit for the Next Einstein, in the Financial Times.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2006/02/22/FT.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">An Electronic Tool for Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Medical and Surgical Patients</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20060122.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2005</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2005</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This computer-based electronic tool for individualized assessment of venous thromboembolic risk successfully identified both the perceived risk of thrombosis and the appropriate prophylactic approach for medical and surgical patients.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20060122.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Teacher Qualifications, Instructional Practices, and Reading and Mathematics Gains of Kindergartners: Research and Development Report</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20060339.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2005</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2005</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;In this study, data from ECLS-K are used to estimate the degree to which specific aspects of teacher training--the teaching credential and coursework in pedagogy--and teaching experience are associated with student achievement.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20060339.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Using Structured Classroom Vignettes to Measure Instructional Practices in Mathematics</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20060628.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2005</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2005</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The authors developed a vignette-based measure of one aspect of mathematics instructional practice, reform-oriented instruction and it appears that vignettes can be a useful tool for research on instructional practice.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20060628.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Examining Gaps in Mathematics Achievement </title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG255.html</id>
   <published>Jun 10, 2005</published>
   <updated>Jun 10, 2005</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Changes in family, school, and schooling measures have impacted mathematics achievement among black and Latino groups. While the black-white and Latino-white test score gap has narrowed, significant disparities remain.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG255.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Imputation of SF-12 Health Scores for Respondents with Partially Missing Data</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20050603.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2004</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2004</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Missing SF-12 items are prevalent and lead to reduced analytical power. Regression-based multi-pattern imputation using the available SF-12 items is efficient and can produce good estimates of the scores.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20050603.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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