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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Medical Ethics</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/medical-ethics.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T14:16:47Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/medical-ethics.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/medical-ethics.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Clinical Decision Support and Malpractice Risk</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100137.html</id>
   <published>Jun 30, 2011</published>
   <updated>Jun 30, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Clinical decision support (CDS) refers to electronic technology used to enhance clinical decision making. The basic challenge for policymakers interested in promoting adoption of CDS is to ensure that liability concerns do not derail the clinical value of new CDS technology.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100137.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Bridging the Gap Between Basic Science and Clinical Practice: A Role for Community Clinicians</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20110055.html</id>
   <published>Apr 5, 2011</published>
   <updated>Apr 5, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">A paradigm shift involving acknowledgement of the value of clinicians in the context of community research, establishment of a stable infrastructure to support a cohort of clinicians across time and research studies, and realignment of incentives to encourage participation in clinical research is required.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20110055.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Bridging the Gap Between Basic Science and Clinical Practice: The Role of Organizations in Addressing Clinician Barriers</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20110053.html</id>
   <published>Apr 3, 2011</published>
   <updated>Apr 3, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;New National Institutes of Health policies call for expansion of practice-based research to improve the clinical research enterprise and facilitate dissemination of evidence-based medicine. This paper describes organizational strategies that influence clinicians&apos; decisions to participate in clinical research.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20110053.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Does Improved Patient Safety Reduce Malpractice Litigation?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9524.html</id>
   <published>Apr 7, 2010</published>
   <updated>Apr 7, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Investigates the relationship between safety outcomes in hospitals and malpractice claiming against providers, using data for California hospitals and insurers from 2001 through 2005.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9524.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Guiding Good Research: Biomedical Research Ethics and Ethics Review: Observatory on Health Research Systems</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB536.html</id>
   <published>Jan 28, 2008</published>
   <updated>Jan 28, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Provides an overview of ethics and ethical reviews in biomedical research. The purpose of the document is to brief non-specialists on the key aspects of the evolution and current debate of biomedical research ethics and assessment of proposed research by ethics committees or review boards. The briefing highlights principle areas of consensus and tension, and outlines different approaches to the formal ethical scrutiny of proposed research.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB536.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">State Insurance Mandates and Consumer-Directed Health Plans: Are They Helping Small Business Provide Health Insurance to Employees?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9305.html</id>
   <published>Dec 5, 2007</published>
   <updated>Dec 5, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This research brief describes the effects of state health-insurance mandates and consumer-directed health plans (CDHPs) on the access to and affordability of health insurance for small businesses.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9305.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Afghanistan Without Doctors</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2004/08/12/WSJ.html</id>
   <published>Aug 12, 2004</published>
   <updated>Aug 12, 2004</updated>
   <summary type="html">Published commentary by RAND staff.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2004/08/12/WSJ.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Inside the Black Box of Managed Care Decisions:  Understanding  Patient Disputes over Coverage Denials</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9039.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2003</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2003</updated>
   <summary type="html"></summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9039.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Changing the Medical Malpractice Dispute Process: What Have We Learned from California&apos;s MICRA?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9071.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2003</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2003</updated>
   <summary type="html"></summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9071.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Cryopreserved Embryos in the United States and Their Availability for Research</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20030512.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2002</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2002</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;To determine the number of embryos stored at assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics in the United States and their current disposition.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20030512.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">American College of Epidemiology Ethics Guidelines: Foundations and Dissemination</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20030421.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2002</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2002</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The guidelines contain (and maintain) core elements that define the discipline of epidemiology and its fundamental duties, but they are also intended to be dynamic and evolving, responsive to a changing professional and social environment.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20030421.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Rise of Litigation in Human Subjects Research</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20030718.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2002</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2002</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Owing to widespread public concern about the adequacy of protections for human research subjects and recent instances of serious injury to subjects at several major research institutions, lawsuits against investigators, institutional review boards, and academic institutions are becoming increasingly common. Several claim-promoting conditions are ripe to promote the further growth of this litigation and raise the stakes for research institutions.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20030718.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Moral and Practical Challenges of Physician-Assisted Suicide</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20030507.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2002</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2002</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Physicians play an inescapable role in presenting and shaping health care decisions. Patients and families find it essential to rely on physicians when fear, lack of information, unfamiliarity, and other factors limit their independence and authority. Legalizing PAS threatens to make patients and families suspicious at a time when they would like to rely on a trusting relationship with their physician.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20030507.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The transplant imperative : protecting living donors from the pressure to donate</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP436.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1995</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1995</updated>
   <summary type="html">The transplant imperative : protecting living donors from the pressure to donate</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP436.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">To Discharge or Not to Discharge, Ethics of Care for an Undocumented Immigrant</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19950002.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1994</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1994</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Recent debate over undocumented immigrants access to health care has centered on cost, but often ignores the ethical dilemma presented to providers, who are divided between their duty to the patients welfare and their role as gatekeeper in the distribution of society&apos;s health care resources.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19950002.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Rationing of Medical Services: Professional Ethics, Governmental Regulation, or Markets</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P6551.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1979</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1979</updated>
   <summary type="html">A commentary on three papers presented at the American Enterprise Conference on Rationing of Medical Services.  Examines medical services and the equity of health care:  ...</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P6551.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Sandra H. Berry</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/about/people/b/berry_sandra_h.html</id>
   <published></published>
   <updated></updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;em&gt;Senior Behavioral Scientist; Professor, Pardee RAND Graduate School&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;M.A. in sociology, University of California, Los Angeles</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/about/people/b/berry_sandra_h.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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