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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Middle East</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/middle-east.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T14:49:56Z</updated>
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     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/middle-east.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/international_programs/cmepp.html</id>
   <published>Oct 30, 2009</published>
   <updated>Oct 30, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">The Center for Middle East Public Policy (CMEPP) provides expertise on the Middle East that is second to none. Our analysts are in touch with vital political, social, economic, and technological developments in and around the region. Through research and analysis of the highest caliber, we help public and private decisionmakers solve problems, tackle challenges, and identify options to make society safer, smarter, and more prosperous. The worldwide reputation for RAND excellence and objectivity ensures our voice will be heard.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/international_programs/cmepp.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Issues in Focus: Iran</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/events/2012/06/19.html</id>
   <published>Jun 19, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jun 19, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">A June Issues in Focus program will feature Alireza Nader, a RAND senior international policy analyst, whose research has focused on Iran&apos;s political dynamics, elite decisionmaking, and Iranian foreign policy.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/events/2012/06/19.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Three Challenges Still Await NATO</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/05/24/RAND.html</id>
   <published>May 23, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 23, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Three challenges still await NATO: containing fallout from France&apos;s new policy, re-opening the Pakistan supply lines, and the need for Russian cooperation, writes Christopher S. Chivvis.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/05/24/RAND.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Iran&apos;s Buying Time&amp;mdash;and That&apos;s Fine</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/05/22/FP.html</id>
   <published>May 22, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 22, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Khamenei faces a critical choice in the months ahead: make a compromise to lessen tensions with the United States and the international community, or maintain a status quo that may set in motion the demise of his regime, writes Alireza Nader.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/05/22/FP.html" />
   
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 <entry>
   <title type="html">What&apos;s Next? Egyptian Elections</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/multimedia/audio/2012/05/15/egyptian-elections.html</id>
   <published>May 15, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 15, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">RAND expert Jeffrey Martini speaks on the upcoming Egyptian presidential election and offers insights on the various presidential candidates, Egyptian and global reactions to the candidates, and the possible implications of an undefined constitution for the candidate that will be elected.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/multimedia/audio/2012/05/15/egyptian-elections.html" />
   
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 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND Review: Vol. 36, No. 1, Spring 2012</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP22-2012-04.html</id>
   <published>May 11, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 11, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Stories discuss Iran&apos;s nuclear threat, social security for Mexico&apos;s aging population, programs to help veterans and their families, the costs of crime and the value of police officers, psychological operations in Afghanistan, the U.S. health insurance mandate, legal representation in murder cases, marijuana legalization, U.S. competitiveness in educational achievement, and Louisiana&apos;s plan for a sustainable coast.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP22-2012-04.html" />
   
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 <entry>
   <title type="html"></title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org.html</id>
   <published></published>
   <updated></updated>
   <summary type="html"></summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org.html" />
   
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 <entry>
   <title type="html">Prolific Profanities Seemed to Predict Prominent Protests</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/publications/randreview/issues/2012/spring/tweets.html</id>
   <published>May 11, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 11, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Twitter and other social media reportedly played a big role in the protests following the 2009 Iranian presidential election. Analysis of word usage in millions of tweets about the election and its aftermath reveals that spikes in the use of swear words could forecast the outbreak of large-scale protests.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/publications/randreview/issues/2012/spring/tweets.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">How to Defuse Iran&apos;s Nuclear Threat: Bolster Diplomacy, Israeli Security, and the Iranian Citizenry</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/publications/randreview/issues/2012/spring/iran.html</id>
   <published>May 11, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 11, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">This &lt;em&gt;RAND Review&lt;/em&gt; cover story recommends alternatives to military action that are more likely to dissuade Iran from producing, testing, and deploying nuclear weapons, while also promoting a more democratic and responsible Iranian regime.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/publications/randreview/issues/2012/spring/iran.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Resolving Kirkuk: Lessons Learned from Settlements of Earlier Ethno-Territorial Conflicts</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1198.html</id>
   <published>May 9, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 9, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Past efforts to resolve ethno-territorial conflicts in Br&amp;#269;ko, Mostar, Northern Ireland, and Jerusalem provide insights that could facilitate a negotiated settlement regarding the disputed Iraqi city of Kirkuk. The case studies show that Arabs, Kurds, and Turkomen must emphasize governance over symbols of sovereignty, develop adaptable power-sharing mechanisms, marginalize spoilers, empower local leaders, and create multi-ethnic security forces.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1198.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Next War</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/05/03/FP.html</id>
   <published>May 3, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 3, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">To prepare for the interventions to come in the next decade, the United States must adapt the lessons from its experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan and use them to generate a new, more realistic, and feasible doctrine, write Radha Iyengar and Douglas A. Ollivant.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/05/03/FP.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Nature of the Chinese-Iranian Partnership and the Challenges It Poses for the U.S.</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP351.html</id>
   <published>May 2, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 2, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">The partnership between China and Iran presents challenges to U.S. interests, including dissuading Iran from developing a nuclear weapons capability. An analysis of the factors driving Chinese-Iranian cooperation offers  policy options for influencing this partnership to meet U.S. objectives.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP351.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">U.S. Military&apos;s Efforts to Influence Afghan Population Have Grown Less Effective Over Time</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1060.html</id>
   <published>Apr 30, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 30, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">An analysis of U.S. military information operations and psychological operations in Afghanistan between 2001 and 2010 finds the efforts grew less successful over time, as disenchantment with foreign occupation grew. The most notable shortcoming was the inability to sufficiently counter the Taliban propaganda campaign against U.S. and coalition forces on the theme of civilian casualties.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1060.html" />
   
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 <entry>
   <title type="html">Assessing Military Information Operations in Afghanistan, 2001-2010</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9659.html</id>
   <published>Apr 30, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 30, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">This research brief offers an overview of the effectiveness of U.S. psychological operations in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2010, with particular attention to how well messages and themes were tailored to target audiences.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9659.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">U.S. Military&apos;s Efforts to Influence Afghan Population Have Grown Less Effective Over Time</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2012/04/30.html</id>
   <published>Apr 30, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 30, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">The efforts of U.S. military information operations and psychological operations in Afghanistan between 2001 and 2010 grew less successful over time, as disenchantment with foreign occupation grew.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2012/04/30.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Al Qaeda Is Far from Defeated</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/04/29/WSJ.html</id>
   <published>Apr 29, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 29, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">As the administration looks eastward&amp;mdash;a strategy that incorporates China&apos;s rise&amp;mdash;underestimating al Qaeda would be a dangerous mistake, writes Seth G. Jones.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/04/29/WSJ.html" />
   
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 <entry>
   <title type="html">A Year After Osama bin Laden&apos;s Death, Obituaries for al Qaeda Are Still Way Too Premature</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/04/23/FP.html</id>
   <published>Apr 23, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 23, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Predictions of al Qaeda&apos;s imminent demise are rooted more in wishful thinking and politicians&apos; desire for applause lines than in rigorous analysis, writes Seth G. Jones.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/04/23/FP.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Cairo&apos;s Candidate Shuffle</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/04/19/FA.html</id>
   <published>Apr 19, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 19, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Just as before the disqualifications, the fundamental decision voters face is about the scope and nature of the change Egypt will undergo in the coming years. And there are still candidates representing almost every position on that spectrum, writes Jeffrey Martini.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/04/19/FA.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Iran&apos;s Calculations in New Diplomatic Talks</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/04/17/USIP.html</id>
   <published>Apr 17, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 17, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Beset by economic problems, political divisions, and domestic discontent, Iranian leaders may compromise&amp;mdash;or appear to make compromises&amp;mdash;to cushion the regime from the mounting internal and external pressures, writes Alireza Nader.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/04/17/USIP.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Book by Noted Expert Proposes a Renaissance of Thought on Nuclear Deterrence for Today&apos;s Strategic Environment</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1103.html</id>
   <published>Apr 17, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 17, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">A new book by the late French scholar Th&amp;eacute;r&amp;egrave;se Delpech provides a critical review and update of nuclear deterrence theory, focusing a critical eye on nuclear issues during the Cold War, examining the lessons of past nuclear crises, and outlining ways in which these lessons apply to major nuclear powers and nuclear pretenders today.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1103.html" />
   
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