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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Northwestern States</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/northwestern-states.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T14:57:16Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/northwestern-states.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/northwestern-states.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">National Evaluation of Safe Start Promising Approaches: Assessing Program Outcomes</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR991-1.html</id>
   <published>Jan 4, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 4, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Safe Start Promising Approaches (SSPA) is the second phase of a community-based initiative focused on developing and fielding interventions to prevent and reduce the impact of children&apos;s exposure to violence. This report shares the results of SSPA, which was intended to implement and evaluate promising and evidence-based programs in 15 program sites across the country.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR991-1.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">How National Health Reform Will Affect a Variety of States</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/04/05.html</id>
   <published>Apr 5, 2011</published>
   <updated>Apr 5, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">A series of new reports by the RAND Corporation outlines the impact that national health care reform will have on individual states, estimating the increased costs and coverage that are expected in five diverse states once reform is fully implemented in 2016.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/04/05.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Health Reform Will Add Coverage for 125,000 in Montana; State Health Spending to Grow by 3 Percent</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/04/05/index4.html</id>
   <published>Apr 5, 2011</published>
   <updated>Apr 5, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">National health care reform will help 125,000 Montana residents obtain health insurance and increase health care spending by state government by about 3 percent when it is fully implemented in 2016.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/04/05/index4.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">How Will Health Care Reform Affect Costs and Coverage? Examples from Five States</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9589.html</id>
   <published>Apr 1, 2011</published>
   <updated>Apr 1, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Projects how the coverage-related provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will affect health insurance coverage and state government spending on health care in five states.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9589.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Impact of the Coverage-Related Provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on Insurance Coverage and State Health Care Expenditures in Montana: An Analysis from RAND COMPARE</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR973z2.html</id>
   <published>Apr 1, 2011</published>
   <updated>Apr 1, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act contains substantial new requirements aimed at increasing rates of health insurance coverage. This report provides estimates, based on the RAND COMPARE microsimulation model, of how the law will affect health insurance coverage and state government spending on health care in Montana through 2020.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR973z2.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Cost Study of the Saint Paul Early Childhood Scholarship Program</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR947.html</id>
   <published>Mar 15, 2011</published>
   <updated>Mar 15, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">In 2008, the Minnesota Early Learning Foundation created the Saint Paul Early Childhood Scholarship Program, a pilot program to provide families with scholarships to cover the cost of high-quality early childhood education (ECE) programs. This report provides detailed cost and program data for a sample of 12 ECE programs participating in the scholarship program, including the per-child per-hour cost for participation of children in the programs.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR947.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Cost of Providing Quality Early Care and Education in Saint Paul, Minnesota</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9581.html</id>
   <published>Mar 15, 2011</published>
   <updated>Mar 15, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Shares results of a RAND analysis of programs participating in Minnesota&apos;s Saint Paul Early Childhood Scholarship Program, which provides scholarships to cover the cost of high-quality early childhood education programs.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9581.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">A Prototype Interactive Mapping Tool to Target Low Health Literacy in Missouri</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR811.html</id>
   <published>Apr 29, 2010</published>
   <updated>Apr 29, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;An estimated 36 percent of American adults have health literacy levels rated at &amp;ldquo;basic or below,&amp;rdquo; indicating that they have difficulty obtaining, processing, and understanding basic health information and services. To help healthcare decisionmakers in Missouri identify neighborhood-level &amp;ldquo;hotspots&amp;rdquo; of suboptimal health or healthcare that may be due to low health literacy, RAND developed a prototype interactive web-based mapping tool. This report describes the tool and includes a User&apos;s Guide and Case Study.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR811.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Examination of Methods to Estimate Crash Counts by Collision Type</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20100307.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2009</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">This study investigated the applicability of Multinomial logit (MNL) models to predict the proportion of crashes by collision type and to estimate crash counts by collision type.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20100307.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Strengthening Prevention Performance Using Technology: A Formative Evaluation of Interactive Getting to Outcomes&amp;amp;reg;</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20091023.html</id>
   <published>Sep 30, 2009</published>
   <updated>Sep 30, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">This article reports on a formative evaluation of efforts to build community-based prevention capacity in two states (Tennessee and Missouri) using an Internet-based system known as interactive Getting To Outcomes&amp;reg; (iGTO).</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20091023.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Assessing Patient Safety Practices and Outcomes in the U.S. Health Care System</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR725.html</id>
   <published>Aug 24, 2009</published>
   <updated>Aug 24, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Presents the results of a two-year study that analyzes how patient safety practices are being adopted by U.S. health care providers, examines hospital experiences with a patient safety culture survey, and assesses patient safety outcomes trends. In case studies of four U.S. communities, researchers collected information on the dynamics of local patient safety activities and on adoption of safe practices by hospitals.
&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR725.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Recanting of Life-Time Inhalant Use: How Big a Problem and What to Make of It</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090804.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2008</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;To establish the prevalence of recanting of life-time inhalant use, the authors identify correlates of recanting to gain insight to its causes and develop a method for distinguishing recanters who truly are versus are not life-time users of inhalants.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20090804.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Developmental Trajectories of Substance Use from Early to Late Adolescence: A Comparison of Rural and Urban Youth</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20080506.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2007</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This study underscores the diversity of drug use within rural communities, suggesting that living in a very rural area is protective against some forms of drug use but that living in a rural area that includes a medium or large town is not.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20080506.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Reducing Early Smokers&apos; Risk for Future Smoking and Other Problem Behavior: Insights from a Five-Year Longitudinal Study</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20081008.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2007</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Finds risk and protective factors during adolescence that predict future regular smoking and multiple problem behavior among youth who had tried smoking by grade 7. Protective factors include good grades and parental disapproval of smoking/drug use.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20081008.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Marijuana Use and High School Dropout: The Influence of Unobservables</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20080611.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2007</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Examines the extent to which time-varying factors, including substance use, influence the likelihood of heavy and persistent marijuana users dropping out of school and determines that parental and peer influences drive this result.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20080611.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Oregon&amp;rsquo;s Measure 11 Sentencing Reform: Implementation and System Impact</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR142.html</id>
   <published>Dec 13, 2004</published>
   <updated>Dec 13, 2004</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Measure 11, passed in Oregon in 1994, imposed long mandatory prison terms for designated offenses, prohibited &amp;ldquo;earned time,&amp;rdquo; and provided for mandatory waiver of youthful offenders to adult court. This study analyzes the implementation of Measure 11 and its impact on prosecution, sentencing, and convictions. Findings show that Measure 11 has altered sentencing and case processing practices in Oregon, with offenders convicted of violent and sex-related offenses serving longer prison terms, but fewer being sentenced for these offenses.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR142.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Oregon&apos;s Lessons for Improving Advance Care Planning</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20040926.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2003</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2003</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Discusses Oregon&apos;s Physicians orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) form.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20040926.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Regulating Hearts and Minds: The Mismatch of Law, Custom, and Resuscitation Decisions</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20031009.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2002</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2002</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The time is upon us to rethink how to evaluate resuscitation. People coming to the end of life with fragile health do not do well with resuscitation.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20031009.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Predictors of the Transition to Regular Smoking During Adolescence and Young Adulthood</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20030404.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2002</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2002</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;To identify predictors of the transition from experimentation to regular smoking in middle adolescence, late adolescence, and young adulthood.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20030404.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Creating a World Center for Scientist-Explorers</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2002/09/30/ST.html</id>
   <published>Sep 30, 2002</published>
   <updated>Sep 30, 2002</updated>
   <summary type="html">Published commentary by RAND staff</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2002/09/30/ST.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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