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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Obesity</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/obesity.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T21:04:30Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/obesity.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/obesity.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Influence of Peers and Friends on Children&apos;s and Adolescents&apos; Eating and Activity Behaviors</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201200114.html</id>
   <published>Jun 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jun 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">In this article, we synthesize the empirical literature on the influence of peers and friends on youth&apos;s eating and physical activity.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201200114.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">What&apos;s on the Menu? A Status Quo That Needs to Change</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/05/23/RAND.html</id>
   <published>May 23, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 23, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">If we want to make progress on the now-global obesity epidemic, we must challenge the status quo and make unhealthy food the new tobacco, writes Helen Wu.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/05/23/RAND.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Some Menus of U.S. Sit-down Chain Restaurants Are as Unhealthy as Fast Food</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201200113.html</id>
   <published>May 21, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 21, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">A review of menu nutrition information in U.S. sit-down chain restaurants found that 96 percent of main entr&amp;eacute;es exceeded the daily limits for calories, sodium, fat, and saturated fat recommended by the USDA.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201200113.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Planning for an Aging Nation: New Estimates to Inform Policy Analysis for Senior Health</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD293.html</id>
   <published>Apr 12, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 12, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Provides insights into the costs and challenges of providing health care to the elderly population.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD293.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Junk Foods in Schools and Childhood Obesity</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120030.html</id>
   <published>Apr 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">The availability of junk food does not significantly increase BMI or obesity among a group of fifth-graders even though they are likely to buy junk food.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120030.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Women&apos;s Health Initiative: The Food Environment, Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, BMI, and Blood Pressure</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100129.html</id>
   <published>Mar 31, 2012</published>
   <updated>Mar 31, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Post menopausal women living in neighborhoods with higher socioeconomic status and more supermarkets have lower body mass and lower blood pressure.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100129.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Does Neighborhood Food Environment Predict Youth Diets?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120028.html</id>
   <published>Feb 29, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 29, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">It&apos;s widely assumed that living near fast-food restaurants and convenience stores encourages overconsumption, while supermarkets encourage healthier diets. However, an analysis found no robust link between food environment and consumption in youths, indicating a more complicated relationship than some theories suppose.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120028.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Nutrition Standards for Away-From-Home Foods in the USA</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120035.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">This study reviews the rationale for developing nutritional performance standards for away-from-home foods in light of limited human capacity to regulate intake or physiologically compensate for a poor diet.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120035.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Kids Are Gaining More Weight During the Elementary School Years</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100243.html</id>
   <published>Nov 30, 2011</published>
   <updated>Nov 30, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Nearly 40% of a nationally representative cohort of children started kindergarten with a BMI in the top quartile of the growth charts. This proportion increased significantly between 1st and 3rd grades but there was no further increase during middle school. </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100243.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Three Essays on Economics of Health Behavior in China</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD287.html</id>
   <published>Nov 4, 2011</published>
   <updated>Nov 4, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Three essays each focusing on one topic in economics of health behaviors in China.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD287.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Coexistence of Obesity and Anemia in Children Between 2 and 18 Years of Age in Mexico</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100265.html</id>
   <published>Nov 1, 2011</published>
   <updated>Nov 1, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">This article carries out a secondary data analysis to determine the frequency of anemia in different categories of body mass index (BMI) and the frequency in which obesity and anemia co-occurred in children between 2 and 18 years of age.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100265.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Effect of the Assessment of Recruit Motivation and Strength (ARMS) Program on Army Accessions and Attrition</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR975.html</id>
   <published>Oct 12, 2011</published>
   <updated>Oct 12, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">The fraction of American youth meeting U.S. Army enlistment standards for weight and body fat has declined markedly. In response, the Army developed a waiver program tied to a fitness test known as the Assessment of Recruit Motivation and Strength (ARMS) test. Through difference-in-differences estimates and other analytic techniques, the authors examine the program&apos;s effect on Army accession and attrition rates.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR975.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Preventing Obesity and Its Consequences: Highlights of RAND Health Research</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9508.html</id>
   <published>Aug 3, 2011</published>
   <updated>Aug 3, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Summarizes key RAND studies on the causes of obesity, its economic and health consequences, and potential strategies for prevention, including work on health care costs, junk food, food deserts, school meals, and proximity of parks.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9508.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Increasing the Availability and Consumption of Drinking Water in Middle Schools: A Pilot Study</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100251.html</id>
   <published>Apr 30, 2011</published>
   <updated>Apr 30, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The authors assessed the acceptability, feasibility, and outcomes of a school-based intervention to improve drinking water consumption among adolescents.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100251.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Worth Its Weight in Gold?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2011/04/21/PSR.html</id>
   <published>Apr 21, 2011</published>
   <updated>Apr 21, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">In terms of healthcare use and chronic health conditions, obesity is comparable to aging 20 years, with the health of a 30 year old resembling that of a 50 year old, writes Roland Sturm.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2011/04/21/PSR.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Food Prices and the Dynamics of Body Weight</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201000178.html</id>
   <published>Mar 31, 2011</published>
   <updated>Mar 31, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html"></summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201000178.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Regional Price Differences and Food Consumption Frequency Among Elementary School Children</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20110034.html</id>
   <published>Jan 31, 2011</published>
   <updated>Jan 31, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Geographic variation in food prices across the US affects youth&apos;s consumption of fruit, vegetables and milk; price variation does not seem to affect consumption of fast food or soft drinks, perhaps because consumption is less price sensitive.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20110034.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Role of School Physical Activity Programs in Child Body Mass Trajectory</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20110068.html</id>
   <published>Jan 31, 2011</published>
   <updated>Jan 31, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Meeting the national recommendation for physical education and recess at school can help prevent obesity in children.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20110068.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Preliminary Healthy Eating Outcomes of SNaX, a Pilot Community-Based Intervention for Adolescents</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100133.html</id>
   <published>Jan 31, 2011</published>
   <updated>Jan 31, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">This project developed and designed Students for Nutrition and eXercise (SNaX), an intervention aimed at translating school obesity-prevention policies into practice with peer advocacy of healthy eating and school cafeteria changes.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100133.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Multidimensional Relationship Between Early Adult Body Weight and Women&apos;s Childbearing Experiences</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100286.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2011</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">This study sheds light on the physiological and social nature of the relationship between early adult body weight and women&apos;s childbearing experiences by examining whether the consequences of early adult weight for lifetime childbearing are shaped by historical social context, women&apos;s social characteristics, and their ability to marry.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100286.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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