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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Petroleum</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/petroleum.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T14:57:26Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/petroleum.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/petroleum.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Mileage-Based User Fee Winners and Losers: An Analysis of the Distributional Implications of Taxing Vehicle Miles Traveled, with Projections, 2010-2030</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD295.html</id>
   <published>Apr 26, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 26, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Estimates changes in annual vehicle miles traveled in response to changes in the cost of driving that would result from adopting a mileage-based user fee.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD295.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Could Coal Mine Drainage Be Used for Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Extraction?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF300.html</id>
   <published>Apr 16, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 16, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">There are large quantities of coal mine water in Pennsylvania&amp;mdash;much more than could be used in the coming decade for hydraulic fracturing. Researchers and operators will need to further explore quantity and quality needs to confirm whether coal mine drainage sources represent a viable, large-scale alternative to fresh water.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF300.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Opportunities for Alternative Fuels: The Roadmap for America&apos;s Energy Future</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CT363.html</id>
   <published>Jun 3, 2011</published>
   <updated>Jun 3, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Achieving the potential economic and national security benefits offered by alternative fuels requires that their domestic production must be an appreciable fraction of domestic demand for liquid fuels. Alternative fuels derived from oil shale and coal have the potential to meet that important criterion.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CT363.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Replacing Gas Tax with Crude Oil Tax Could Fund Nation&apos;s Transportation Needs</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP320.html</id>
   <published>Feb 23, 2011</published>
   <updated>Feb 23, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">The federal government could fully fund its surface transportation infrastructure needs by levying a percentage tax on crude oil and imported refined petroleum products.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP320.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Replacing Gas Tax with Crude Oil Tax Could Fund Nation&apos;s Transportation Needs</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/02/23.html</id>
   <published>Feb 23, 2011</published>
   <updated>Feb 23, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">The federal government could fully fund its surface transportation infrastructure needs by levying a percentage tax on crude oil and imported refined petroleum products.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/02/23.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">System Trials to Demonstrate Mileage-Based Road Use Charges</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1423.html</id>
   <published>Feb 11, 2011</published>
   <updated>Feb 11, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Explore options for conducting a set of trials to test the feasibility of transitioning from fuel excise taxes to a system of road use charges based on vehicle miles of travel.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP1423.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Among Potential Deficit Remedies, Don&apos;t Rule Out Raising Gas Tax</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2010/12/25/DFP.html</id>
   <published>Dec 25, 2010</published>
   <updated>Dec 25, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">A proposed 15-cents-a-gallon gas tax is worth a second look. Among various painful options put forward in the Deficit Reduction Commission&apos;s draft report, this tax hike may be well justified, writes Martin Wachs.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2010/12/25/DFP.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Near-Term Feasibility of Alternative Jet Fuels</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR554.html</id>
   <published>Oct 13, 2009</published>
   <updated>Oct 13, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Aviation has few near-term alternative-energy options to petroleum-based fuels. Of alternatives that may be available in commercial quantities in the next decade, Fischer-Tropsch and hydroprocessed renewable jet fuels may reduce aviation&apos;s impact on climate but are likely to be available only in limited quantities. All alternatives benefit aviation as well as nonaviation sectors and improve air quality.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR554.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Strengthening U.S. International Energy Assistance to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Improve Energy Security</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP251.html</id>
   <published>Sep 10, 2009</published>
   <updated>Sep 10, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;International energy-assistance programs are a potentially important tool for addressing the challenges of reducing global greenhouse gas emissions and increasing U.S. energy security. This study reviews U.S. programs and compares them with German programs, which take a different, more centralized approach. Insights from recent studies of U.S. energy and climate policy are presented, along with recommendations for further investigation.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP251.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Economic Costs of Major Oil Supply Disruption Pose Risk to U.S. National Security</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG838.html</id>
   <published>May 10, 2009</published>
   <updated>May 10, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;While on a net basis the United States imports nearly 60 percent of the oil it consumes, this reliance on imported oil is not by itself a major national security threat. The study finds that the economic costs of a major disruption in global oil supplies&amp;mdash;including higher prices for American consumers&amp;mdash;pose the greatest risk to the United States.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG838.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Imported Oil and U.S. National Security</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/multimedia/video/2009/05/11/imported_oil_and_us_national_security.html</id>
   <published>May 4, 2009</published>
   <updated>May 4, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;In this Congressional Briefing held on May 11, 2009, Keith Crane,  director of the RAND Environment, Energy, and Economic Development  Program, leads a discussion on the links between oil imports and U.S.  national security.&lt;/p&gt;
</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/multimedia/video/2009/05/11/imported_oil_and_us_national_security.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">What Constitutes an Effective Approach to Limiting Greenhouse Gases?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/multimedia/video/2009/04/13/what_constitutes_an_effective_approach_to_limiting_greenhouse_gases.html</id>
   <published>Apr 12, 2009</published>
   <updated>Apr 12, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">In this Congressional Briefing, Michael Toman, former director of the  RAND Environment, Energy, and Economic Development Program, moderates a  discussion on greenhouse gases.
</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/multimedia/video/2009/04/13/what_constitutes_an_effective_approach_to_limiting_greenhouse_gases.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Coal-to-Liquid Fuel Production Could Offer Major National Benefits</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2008/12/10.html</id>
   <published>Dec 10, 2008</published>
   <updated>Dec 10, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">The federal government can spark the creation of a commercially competitive coal-to-liquids industry by fostering early development of plants that would produce transportation fuels from coal.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2008/12/10.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Alternative Fossil Fuels Have Economic Potential but Uncertain Environmental Consequences</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2008/10/08.html</id>
   <published>Oct 8, 2008</published>
   <updated>Oct 8, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">Alternative sources of fossil fuels such as oil sands and coal-to-liquids have significant economic promise, but the environmental consequences must also be considered.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2008/10/08.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Alternative Fossil Fuels Have Economic Potential but Uncertain Environmental Consequences</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR580.html</id>
   <published>Oct 8, 2008</published>
   <updated>Oct 8, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alternative sources of fossil fuels such as oil sands and coal-to-liquids have significant economic promise, but the environmental consequences must also be considered.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR580.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND to Review Renewable Energy Study and Will Issue Corrected Version</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2006/12/05/index1.html</id>
   <published>Dec 5, 2006</published>
   <updated>Dec 5, 2006</updated>
   <summary type="html">December 5, 2006 News Release: RAND to Review Renewable Energy Study and Will Issue Corrected Version</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2006/12/05/index1.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">RAND Study Says High World Oil Prices and Technological Developments Could Make Shale-Derived Oil Competitive</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2005/08/31.html</id>
   <published>Aug 30, 2005</published>
   <updated>Aug 30, 2005</updated>
   <summary type="html">RAND Study Says High World Oil Prices and Technological Developments Could Make Shale-Derived Oil Competitive</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2005/08/31.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Gauging the Prospects of a U. S. Oil Shale Industry</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9143.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2003</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2003</updated>
   <summary type="html"></summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9143.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Iraqi Oil and the Global Economy</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2003/01/06/ATU.html</id>
   <published>Jan 6, 2003</published>
   <updated>Jan 6, 2003</updated>
   <summary type="html">If Saddam Hussein is ousted as leader of Iraq, the United States will face critical decisions about the future of the world&apos;s second-largest oil reserves, writes policy analyst James Bartis.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2003/01/06/ATU.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Machine That Could: PNGV, A Government-Industry Partnership</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1011.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1998</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1998</updated>
   <summary type="html">Tells the story of Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) beginnings, how it has dealt with these challenges, and its progress to date, which, as of 1998, remains ahead of schedule.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1011.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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