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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Pharmaceutical Drugs</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/pharmaceutical-drugs.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-25T23:26:29Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/pharmaceutical-drugs.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/pharmaceutical-drugs.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Probiotics Can Reduce Risk of Diarrhea Caused by Antibiotics</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201200103.html</id>
   <published>May 8, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 8, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Probiotics are believed to improve health by maintaining a normal balance of microorganisms in the human intestines. Evidence shows that they can reduce the risk of developing diarrhea, which is a common side effect of taking antibiotics.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201200103.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Probiotics Can Reduce Risk of Diarrhea Caused by Antibiotics</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2012/05/08.html</id>
   <published>May 8, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 8, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Probiotics are believed to improve health by maintaining a normal balance of microorganisms in the human intestines. Evidence shows that they can reduce the risk of developing diarrhea, which is a common side effect of taking antibiotics.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2012/05/08.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Medication Adherence to Multi-Drug Regimens</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201200100.html</id>
   <published>May 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">The objective of this article was to provide background information about medication adherence and its measurement, the development of the conceptual model for use in adherence research, and supportive intervention strategies such as pharmaceutical care by pharmacists to improve chronic medication use in older adults.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201200100.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Planning for an Aging Nation: New Estimates to Inform Policy Analysis for Senior Health</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD293.html</id>
   <published>Apr 12, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 12, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Provides insights into the costs and challenges of providing health care to the elderly population.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD293.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Survey Results Show That Adults Are Willing to Pay Higher Insurance Premiums for Generous Coverage of Specialty Drugs</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120092.html</id>
   <published>Apr 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">This study estimated how healthy people value insurance coverage of specialty drugs, defined as high-cost drugs that treat cancer and other serious health conditions like multiple sclerosis, by quantifying willingness to pay via a survey.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120092.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Focus on Health Information Technology</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP639z4-2012-03.html</id>
   <published>Mar 30, 2012</published>
   <updated>Mar 30, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">For nearly a decade, RAND researchers have studied how health information technology (HIT) stands to change health care.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP639z4-2012-03.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Financial Burden of Prescription Drugs Is Dropping, but Costs Remain a Challenge for Many Families</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120039.html</id>
   <published>Feb 8, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 8, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">The financial burden Americans face paying out-of-pocket costs for prescription drugs has declined, although prescription costs remain a significant challenge for people with lower incomes and those with public insurance.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120039.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Financial Burden of Prescription Drugs Is Dropping, but Costs Remain a Challenge for Many Families</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2012/02/08/index1.html</id>
   <published>Feb 8, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 8, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">The financial burden Americans face paying out-of-pocket costs for prescription drugs has declined, although prescription costs remain a significant challenge for people with lower incomes and those with public insurance.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2012/02/08/index1.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Sources of Regional Variation in Medicare Part D Drug Spending</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120031.html</id>
   <published>Feb 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Regional variation in Medicare Part D spending for prescription drugs results largely from differences in the cost of drugs selected rather than prescription volume.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120031.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Patterns of Evolving Care During the First Treatment Episode</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120025.html</id>
   <published>Feb 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">This study sought to better understand factors associated with different patterns of treatment among children starting treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120025.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Early Adopters of Electronic Prescribing Struggle to Make Meaningful Use of Formulary Checks and Medication History Documentation</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120007.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">In offices where e-prescribing was implemented, prescribers used information about formularies and drug benefits, but missing information reduced confidence in these resources and led to paper-based workarounds.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120007.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">High-priority Drug -- Drug Interactions for Use in Electronic Health Records</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201200116.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">A panel of experts highlighted the complexity of issues surrounding development and implementation of a set of high-severity, clinically significant drug&#8211;drug interactions (DDIs) for use in electronic health records (EHRs).</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201200116.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Physician Prescribing Behavior and Its Impact on Patient-Level Outcomes</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100291.html</id>
   <published>Dec 1, 2011</published>
   <updated>Dec 1, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Physicians prescribe more broadly than commonly perceived. Though narrow prescribers are more likely to prescribe highly advertised drugs, few physicians prescribe these drugs exclusively. Narrow prescribing has modest effects on medication adherence and out-of-pocket costs in some classes.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100291.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Basing Drug Scheduling Decisions on Scientific Ranking of Harmfulness: False Promise from False Premises</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100211.html</id>
   <published>Nov 1, 2011</published>
   <updated>Nov 1, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Multiple dimensions of harm need to be displayed to inform human judgments of what drugs should be scheduled; recent efforts ignores drug interactions and mix aggregate and individual harms inappropriately.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100211.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Meaningful Use of Electronic Prescribing in 5 Exemplar Primary Care Practices</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100178.html</id>
   <published>Oct 1, 2011</published>
   <updated>Oct 1, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Widespread implementation and effective use of e-prescribing in ambulatory care will require practice transformation efforts that focus on work process redesign while being attentive to effects on patient and pharmacy involvement in prescribing.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100178.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Today&apos;s &apos;Meaningful Use&apos; Standard for Medication Orders by Hospitals May Save Few Lives; Later Stages May Do More</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100190.html</id>
   <published>Oct 1, 2011</published>
   <updated>Oct 1, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Current federal standards for hospital &quot;meaningful use&quot; of health information technology--which requires electronic medication orders for 30 percent of eligible patients--are probably too low to reduce deaths from heart failure and heart attack among hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100190.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Atypical Antipsychotics May Aid Symptoms for Some Off-Label Conditions, but Not Others</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100207.html</id>
   <published>Sep 27, 2011</published>
   <updated>Sep 27, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Evidence supports the effectiveness of some atypical antipsychotics in reducing symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and behavioral symptoms in elderly patients with dementia. There is insufficient evidence that the medications are effective for treating eating disorders, substance abuse and insomnia.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100207.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Atypical Antipsychotics May Aid Symptoms for Some Off-Label Conditions, but Not Others</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/09/27.html</id>
   <published>Sep 27, 2011</published>
   <updated>Sep 27, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Evidence supports the effectiveness of some atypical antipsychotics in reducing symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and behavioral symptoms in elderly patients with dementia. There is insufficient evidence that the medications are effective for treating eating disorders, substance abuse and insomnia.
</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/09/27.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Improving Access to Medicine in the Developing World</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP349.html</id>
   <published>Sep 19, 2011</published>
   <updated>Sep 19, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are common and rising in the developing world, but access to treatment remains limited. An analysis of the obstacles to treatment finds realistic areas for improvement and ideas the pharmaceutical industry could focus on as it develops its NCD policy research program.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP349.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Multisite Cost Analysis of a School-Based Voluntary Alcohol and Drug Prevention Program</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100179.html</id>
   <published>Sep 1, 2011</published>
   <updated>Sep 1, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">The large cross-school variation in the cost of implementing Project CHOICE (a voluntary after-school prevention program for adolescents) highlights the importance of collecting cost information from multiple sites.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100179.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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