In many communities, the practice of racial profiling and ethnic discrimination is still commonplace. RAND studies have shown the effects of ethnic and racial discrimination on health care utilization, children's mental health, job markets, and sports, as well as in police departments, where racial profiling prevention training is now common.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Discusses an array of methods that have been used to assess, using data on stops made by police officers, the existence or extent of racially biased policing.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Many police agencies began collecting information on the stops made by their officers. This chapter describes an array of benchmarking methods that have been used around the country including the use of U.S. Census population estimates, non-at-fault driver crash data, crime and arrest data, drivers' license data, red light cameras, observations, instrumental variables, assessments of post-stop outcomes, and officer-to officer comparison…
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Presents a statistical method to flag police officers who may potentially exhibit racial bias when making pedestrian stops.
COMMENTARY
President Obama called the arrest of Professor Henry Gates a "teachable moment." This is a moment to learn the facts of race and policing these days. Racial profiling has indeed been an ugly reality for many years. But our research finds little evidence that it continues to be a major problem, write Greg Ridgeway and Nelson Lim.
NEWS RELEASE
The first multi-dimensional effort to quantify the disparities faced by African-American and Latino boys and men in California across a broad spectrum of health and social factors provides a disquieting outlook for their lives.
REPORT
Investigates the relationship between metropolitan-level segregation measures and individual-level health outcomes and estimates the causal impact of neighborhood disadvantage on health.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Over 20% of South Africans aged 15-49 years are infected with HIV. Misinformation about the epidemic has arisen among black Africans, including genocidal conspiracy beliefs about the role of government and whites in causing the epidemic.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
313 randomly sampled video recordings from police cars on traffic stops in Cincinnati, Ohio were content analyzed to help facilitate understanding of police-civilian relations
COMMENTARY
Police stops of pedestrians and vehicles, while an important tool in police work, can fuel tensions if not handled properly. Law enforcement agencies must develop plans to address the disparities and tensions that result from their efforts, write K. Jack Riley and Greg Ridgeway.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
The "veil of darkness" hypothesis asserts that police are less likely to know the race of a motorist before making a stop after dark than they are during daylight. This can be used to test for racial profiling in traffic stops.
NEWS RELEASE
February 28, 2007 news release: Police Commissioner Raymond W. Kelly Announces That the RAND Corporation Will Conduct an Assessment of How the New York City Police Department Conducts Pedestrian Stops.
REPORT
There is a growing interest in estimating the use of racial profiling at the officer level and incorporating the results into Early Intervention (EI) systems that can identify potential problem officers. This study summarizes the key implications of incorporating racial profiling analyses into an EI system and improves upon existing methods that estimate the use of race in stop, search, and DUI arrest decisions.
COMMENTARY
Published commentary by RAND staff: Racial Profiling Won't Stop Terror, in Washingtonpost.com.
NEWS RELEASE
July 17, 2006 News Release: RAND Study Finds No Evidence of Racial Bias in Federal Prosecutors' Decisions to Seek Death Penalty from 1995-2000.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Addresses the role race plays a role in officers' use of discretion in traffic stops by proposing a technique to determine the extent to which race bias affects citation rates, search rates, and the duration of the stop.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
The present study proposes a propensity score technique to determine the extent to which race bias affects citation rates, search rates, and the duration of the stop. Adjusting for confounding variables using the propensity score offers an alternative to multivariate regression that is more interpretable, less prone to errors in model assumptions, and ultimately easier to present to stakeholders in policing practices.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
To review two indirect methods, geocoding and surname analysis, for estimating race/ethnicity as a means for health plans to assess disparities in care.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
African American women may be vulnerable to prejudice within reproductive health care contexts, including family planning.
COMMENTARY
Published commentary by RAND staff.
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