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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Small Businesses</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/small-businesses.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T14:33:49Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/small-businesses.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/small-businesses.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Would the Affordable Care Act Lead to Reductions in Employer-Sponsored Coverage?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/blog/2012/05/would-the-affordable-care-act-lead-to-reductions-in.html</id>
   <published>May 4, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 4, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">As the U.S. Supreme Court considers the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act&apos;s (ACA) individual mandate, one of the questions being debated is what effect the mandate would have on employer-sponsored health insurance coverage. A factor to consider in this is the effect the ACA would have on small businesses, which employ the majority of America&apos;s private-sector workforce.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/blog/2012/05/would-the-affordable-care-act-lead-to-reductions-in.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Do Small-Group Health Insurance Regulations Influence Small Business Size?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120043.html</id>
   <published>Mar 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Mar 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">State small-group health insurance reforms, implemented in the 1990s, aimed at controlling the variability of health insurance premiums and to improve access to health insurance. These reforms only affected firms within a specific size range, and as a result, they may have affected the size of small firms around the legislative threshold and may also have affected the propensity of small firms to offer health insurance.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120043.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Rules Allowing Small Businesses to Opt Out of Health Reform Should Have Minor Impact on Insurance Cost</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100293.html</id>
   <published>Feb 8, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 8, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Rules that allow some small employers to avoid regulation under the federal Affordable Care Act are unlikely to have a major impact on the future cost of health insurance unless those rules are relaxed to allow more businesses to opt out.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100293.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Rules Allowing Small Businesses to Opt Out of Health Reform Should Have Minor Impact on Insurance Cost</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2012/02/08/index2.html</id>
   <published>Feb 8, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 8, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Rules that allow some small employers to avoid regulation under the federal Affordable Care Act are unlikely to have a major impact on the future cost of health insurance unless those rules are relaxed to allow more businesses to opt out.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2012/02/08/index2.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Impact of the Recession on Age Management Policies: Case Study: Made in Inox, Belgium</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120015.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">The experience of Made in Inox shows that micro-businesses are unlikely to have a dedicated human resources policy.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120015.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Impact of the Recession on Age Management Policies: Case Study: Vienna General Hospital (AKH Wien), Austria</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120018.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Vienna General Hospital sees the importance of the tackling the issue of ageing in terms of organisational strategy, organisational culture, personal development, organisation of work, and individual health of employees.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120018.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Impact of the Recession on Age Management Policies: Case Study: Borealis Agrolinz Melamine GmbH, Austria</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120017.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">While age management at the Borealis Group has always made use of generous regulations for early retirement there has also been a movement to maintain older workers in the workplace by creating sustainable work processes and adapting work practices to take into account employees&apos; needs.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120017.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Impact of the Recession on Age Management Policies: Case Study: BARCO, Belgium</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120016.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">According to representatives of the company interviewed for this case study, there has been a greater willingness to recruit people aged 50 or more during the economic cycle of the past two to three years, but this is cyclical.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120016.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Small Business and Defense Acquisitions: A Review of Policies and Current Practices</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG443.html</id>
   <published>Oct 17, 2011</published>
   <updated>Oct 17, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">The Department of Defense (DoD) has had mixed results in meeting some of its mandated small business goals. The authors of this report research the general evolution of federal small business policy and how this has affected DoD, the challenges that evolving procurement needs pose to efforts by DoD to fulfill small business policy goals, and what the current practices of large private-sector firms toward small businesses suggest about the feasibility of DoD small business policies.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG443.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Does Employer-Based Health Insurance Discourage Entrepreneurship and New Business Creation?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9579.html</id>
   <published>Apr 7, 2011</published>
   <updated>Apr 7, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Raises concerns that the bundling of health insurance and employment may discourage business creation.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9579.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">How Will the Affordable Care Act Affect Employee Health Coverage at Small Businesses?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9557.html</id>
   <published>Sep 8, 2010</published>
   <updated>Sep 8, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Finds that the Affordable Care Act will increase the percentage of employers that offer health coverage to workers: from 57 percent to 80 percent for firms with 50 or fewer workers, and from 90 percent to 98 percent for firms with 51 to 100 workers.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9557.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Effects of the Affordable Care Act on Workers&apos; Health Insurance Coverage</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR825.html</id>
   <published>Aug 31, 2010</published>
   <updated>Aug 31, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">The Affordable Care Act builds on the employer-based health insurance system by developing exchanges through which small employers can offer coverage and by penalizing large employers that do not offer coverage. The exchanges could alleviate some of the difficulties faced by small firms that want to offer insurance. </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR825.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Estimation of the Department of Defense Small Business Innovation Research Program Treatment Effect</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD270.html</id>
   <published>Aug 27, 2010</published>
   <updated>Aug 27, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Examines if the Department of Defense Small Business Innovation Research program positively influences commercial viability and what is the most effective means of evaluating this question.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD270.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Improving Local Regulation in the UK</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/randeurope/research/projects/local-regulation.html</id>
   <published>Jan 20, 2010</published>
   <updated>Jan 20, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">To understand better the challenges for businesses and Local Authorities participating in the Primary Authority Scheme&amp;mdash;an effort to clarify regulations, reduce inconsistencies, and introduce effective dispute resolution mechanisms for businesses operating across multiple local authority boundaries&amp;mdash;the Local Better Regulation Office has asked RAND Europe to review the costs and benefits of participation.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/randeurope/research/projects/local-regulation.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Health Savings Accounts for Small Businesses and Entrepreneurs: Shopping, Take-Up and Implementation Challenges</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20100006.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2009</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The Health Savings Account marketplace may have expanded access to health insurance for the smallest firms but not for small firms more generally, who face challenges in implementing them.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20100006.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Small Business Assistance Programs in the United States: An Analysis of What They Are, How Well They Perform, and How We Can Learn More About Them</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201000173.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2009</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This study documents the most important public and private programs designed to promote self-employment and small business creation and critically examines the existing research on the effect of those programs. The authors find that business and self-employment assistance programs are heterogeneous in important dimensions.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201000173.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">First International Conference on Entrepreneurship: Policies for Growth</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF265.html</id>
   <published>Nov 24, 2009</published>
   <updated>Nov 24, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Participants at this conference presented research on and discussed policy issues affecting the growth of entrepreneurship in India, with special emphasis on education and the effective utilization of infrastructure. This document summarizes the proceedings and includes several of the speakers&apos; presentations.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF265.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Self-Employment among Older Workers: Assistance Programs, Liquidity Constraints and Employment Patterns</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD252.html</id>
   <published>Oct 19, 2009</published>
   <updated>Oct 19, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Examines self-employment among older workers.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD252.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">U.S. Department of Defense Faces Obstacles in Meeting Small-Business Contract Goals</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/news/press/2008/11/12.html</id>
   <published>Nov 12, 2008</published>
   <updated>Nov 12, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">Many of the goods and services purchased by the U.S. Department of Defense are from  industries that are often better suited to larger companies rather than smaller ones, complicating efforts to meet goals that about one-fourth of prime-contract dollars be awarded to small businesses.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/news/press/2008/11/12.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">U.S. Department of Defense Faces Obstacles in Meeting Small-Business Contract Goals</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR601-1.html</id>
   <published>Nov 12, 2008</published>
   <updated>Nov 12, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Many of the goods and services purchased by the U.S. Department of Defense are from industries that are often better suited to larger companies rather than smaller ones, complicating efforts to meet goals that about one-fourth of prime-contract dollars be awarded to small businesses.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR601-1.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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