Substance Use Disorders

Journal Article

Marijuana Use and High School Dropout: The Influence of Unobservables — Jan 1, 2010

This reassessment of the relationship between heavy and persistent marijuana use and high school dropout found that drop out is unlikely to be due to its adverse effects on cognition.

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Journal Article

What Economics Can Contribute to the Addiction Sciences — Jan 1, 2010

Economics offers tools and topical expertise that complement other disciplines associated with the addiction sciences. Its value goes far beyond the ability to monetize nonmonetary outcomes or to calculate a cost-benefit ratio.

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• Health and Health Care Research Area

Journal Article

Predictors of Sexual Behavior Among Early and Middle Adolescents Affected By Maternal HIV — Jan 1, 2010

Sexual behavior among adolescents with HIV-positive mothers was less prevalent than among other adolescents, but was more likely to occur with adolescent alcohol use, lack of parental monitoring, and poorer physical functioning of HIV-positive mothers.

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• Health and Health Care Research Area

Journal Article

Parental Knowledge and Substance Use Among African American Adolescents: Influence of Gender and Grade Level — Jan 1, 2010

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Journal Article

Preventing Drug Use — Jan 1, 2010

This book chapter reviews the literature on the effectiveness of substance use prevention and the effect of substance use on education, employment, and earnings.

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Journal Article

Access to Sterile Syringes Through San Francisco Pharmacies and the Association with HIV Risk Behavior Among Injection Drug Users — Jan 1, 2010

Syringe exchange programs still provide the majority of syringe distribution and disposal services to San Francisco injection drug users; however, pharmacies now augment syringe access.

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Journal Article

Three Years After Legalization of Nonprescription Pharmacy Syringe Sales in California: Where Are We Now? — Jan 1, 2010

Many California local health jurisdictions with significant numbers of HIV cases have approved disease prevention demonstration projects, which permit limited sale of syringes to adults without a prescription

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Journal Article

Smoking Motives in Movies Are Important for Understanding Adolescent Smoking: A Preliminary Investigation — Jan 1, 2010

This experimental study found that the way that smoking is portrayed in movies can be important in determining its effect on adolescent smoking.

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Journal Article

Religiosity and Decreased Risk of Substance Use Disorders: Is the Effect Mediated by Social Support or Mental Health Status? — Jan 1, 2010

Research has shown that the more religious people are, the less likely they are to have substance use disorders. This study found that this relationship is not affected by how much social support people have or their mental health status.

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Journal Article

Shaping Smoking Cessation in Hard-To-Treat Smokers — Jan 1, 2010

Setting intermediate criteria between the present behavior and total abstinence can improve outcomes for hard to treat smokers.

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Journal Article

Cognitive Behavioral Theories Used to Explain Injection Risk Behavior Among Injection Drug Users: A Review and Suggestions for the Integration of Cognitive and Environmental Models — Jan 1, 2010

Some cognitive behavioral theories, including self-efficacy and social norms, can help explain risky drug injection behaviors, while others, such as perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers, have yielded inconsistent or inconclusive results.

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Journal Article

Developing a Group Motivational Interviewing Intervention for First-Time Adolescent Offenders At-Risk for an Alcohol or Drug Use Disorder — Jan 1, 2010

This study found that using group MI can be an acceptable approach for youth at risk for alcohol or other drug offenses.

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Journal Article

How Perceptions of Mortality and HIV Morbidity Relate to Substance Abuse Problems and Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Former Juvenile Offenders — Jan 1, 2010

Youth who think they are likely to get HIV are at greater risk for later substance abuse problems and risky sexual behaviors, but this perception doesn't cause them to reduce their substance use and change their behavior.

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Journal Article

Personal Network Correlates of Alcohol, Cigarette, and Marijuana Use Among Homeless Youth — Jan 1, 2010

Youth with more substance users in their networks reported greater alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana consumption. Network-based interventions may be a means to enhance pro-social influences and reduce exposure to substance use for this population.

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Journal Article

Adolescent Romantic Relationships and Change in Smoking Status — Jan 1, 2010

Whether or not an adolescent stops or begins smoking is influenced by whether or not his/her romantic relationship smokes.

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Journal Article

Do Smokers Crave Cigarettes in Some Smoking Situations More Than Others? Situational Correlates of Craving When Smoking — Jan 1, 2010

The authors examine variations in craving when people were smoking in various real-world situations.

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Journal Article

Tobacco Industry Manipulation Messages in Anti-Smoking Public Service Announcements: The Effect of Explicitly Versus Implicitly Delivering Messages — Jan 1, 2010

Message content in anti-smoking public service announcements (PSAs) can be delivered explicitly (directly with concrete statements) or implicitly (indirectly via metaphor), and the method of delivery may affect the efficacy of those PSAs. The purpose of this study was to conduct an initial test of this idea using tobacco industry manipulation PSAs in adolescents.

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Journal Article

Is Substance Use a Barrier to Protected Sex Among Homeless Women? Results from Between- and Within-Subjects Event Analyses — Jan 1, 2010

This study used event-based analyses to examine how alcohol and drug use are associated with protected sex among women residing in temporary shelters in Los Angeles County.

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Journal Article

Risks and Prices: The Role of User Sanctions in Marijuana Markets — Jan 1, 2010

Lowering the legal risks for marijuana users increases the demand for the drug, and consequently, increases prices and profits for drug dealers.

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Report

Los Angeles County Juvenile Justice Crime Prevention Act: Fiscal Year 2007-2008 Report — Jan 1, 2010

The Juvenile Justice Crime Prevention Act funds programs that curb crime among juvenile probationers and young at-risk offenders. This report summarizes, for fiscal year 2007-2008, state- and county-determined outcome measures from each program.

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• Children and Families Research Area