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     <title>RAND Research Topic: The Natural Environment</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/the-natural-environment.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T21:01:06Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/the-natural-environment.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/the-natural-environment.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Western Riverside County Habitat Conservation Plan Progressing, but Needs Fine-Tuning</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG816.html</id>
   <published>Nov 3, 2008</published>
   <updated>Nov 3, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Western Riverside County&apos;s Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan&amp;mdash;a sweeping effort to protect endangered and threatened species while accelerating the approval of transportation improvements&amp;mdash;has made significant progress, but needs modifying to reach its goals in Southern California&apos;s changing economy.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG816.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">DoD Renewable Fuels Investment Premature</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/05/23/NJ.html</id>
   <published>May 23, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 23, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Technological development challenges suggest that it is highly unlikely that advanced approaches for producing hydrotreated renewable oils suitable for military applications will constitute an important fraction of the commercial fuel market until well beyond the next decade, writes Keith Crane.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/05/23/NJ.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">PRGS Brings RAND a &quot;Flood of Innovation&quot;</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/publications/randreview/issues/2012/spring/publisher.html</id>
   <published>May 14, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 14, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">In the spring 2012 issue of RAND Review, RAND president Michael Rich writes, &quot;Since its founding in 1970, PRGS has trained generations of policy leaders. ... The school exhorts students and faculty to &apos;be the answer&apos; in addressing policy challenges in our communities and around the world.&quot;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/publications/randreview/issues/2012/spring/publisher.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">A Flood of Innovation: Louisiana&apos;s Coastal Master Plan</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/05/11/RAND.html</id>
   <published>May 11, 2012</published>
   <updated>May 11, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">RAND President and CEO Michael Rich writes about how RAND computer models and empirical analyses are helping protect and restore the Louisiana coast. </summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/05/11/RAND.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Could Coal Mine Drainage Be Used for Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Extraction?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF300.html</id>
   <published>Apr 16, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 16, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">There are large quantities of coal mine water in Pennsylvania&amp;mdash;much more than could be used in the coming decade for hydraulic fracturing. Researchers and operators will need to further explore quantity and quality needs to confirm whether coal mine drainage sources represent a viable, large-scale alternative to fresh water.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF300.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Energy Services Analysis Can Identify Ways to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR1170.html</id>
   <published>Apr 10, 2012</published>
   <updated>Apr 10, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">By examining not only how a service is produced but how it is provided, energy services analysis can lead to greater reductions in energy use and greenhouse gas emissions than conventional approaches.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR1170.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Evidence for Climate Change Is Overwhelming</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/03/08/PALPOST.html</id>
   <published>Mar 8, 2012</published>
   <updated>Mar 8, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">In case after case, the theory that best fits the data is the one that also leads inexorably to the conclusion that human influence is one of the most important forces currently changing the climate, writes Robert J. Lempert.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2012/03/08/PALPOST.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Santa Monica Municipal Airport (SMO) Options for the Future</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB639.html</id>
   <published>Feb 23, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 23, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">This briefing offers a menu of potential future activities for the nonaviation lands at Santa Monica Municipal Airport (SMO) to enhance the quality of life in Santa Monica through community-linked programs.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB639.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Can Payment for Environmental Services Save the Rainforest?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/labor/centers/clasp/research/projects/save-the-forest.html</id>
   <published>Feb 9, 2012</published>
   <updated>Feb 9, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">The Forest Allowance Program (Programa Bolsa Floresta) is an avoided deforestation initiative in Brazil that pays the local population a monthly allowance for environmental services and increases deforestation monitoring and enforcement. RAND is studying this and similar initiatives to determine their success in reducing deforestation.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/labor/centers/clasp/research/projects/save-the-forest.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Sustainable Development in the National Health Service (NHS): The views and values of NHS leaders</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR1210.html</id>
   <published>Jan 31, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 31, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">A first systematic picture of United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS) leaders&apos; views of priorities and approaches regarding sustainable development (SD). Survey and interview responses are drawn on to show the importance of SD and ways forward.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR1210.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Reconsidering California Transport Policies: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in an Uncertain Future</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD292.html</id>
   <published>Jan 20, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 20, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Applies robust decision methods to evaluate California&apos;s transportation policies that considers multiple views of the future, and identifies strategies that consistently reduce emissions at acceptable costs regardless of future conditions.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD292.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Threats Without Threateners? Exploring Intersections of Threats to the Global Commons and National Security</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP360.html</id>
   <published>Jan 10, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 10, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Climate change, water scarcity, and pandemics are examined for their national security implications and impacts on the global commons. This paper describes four clusters of policy approaches for these complex, interconnected issues and uses suggestive examples to build the case for policy evolution away from fixing problems and toward innovative alternatives, such as anti-fragile systems, that actually benefit from change and uncertainty.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP360.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Potentials for Sustainable Transportation in Cities to Alleviate Climate Change Impacts</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120044.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) is an important social goal to mitigate climate change. A common mitigation paradigm is to consider strategy &quot;wedges&quot; that can be applied to different activities to achieve desired GHG reductions.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20120044.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Earthquakes, Hurricanes, and Terrorism: Do Natural Disasters Incite Terror?</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100196.html</id>
   <published>Nov 30, 2011</published>
   <updated>Nov 30, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Natural disasters can strain a society and its government, creating vulnerabilities which terrorist groups might exploit. Using a structured methodology and detailed data on terrorism, disasters, and other relevant controls for 167 countries between 1970 and 2007, we find a strong positive impact of disaster-related deaths on subsequent terrorism incidence and fatalities.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100196.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Three Essays on Terrorism, its Relationship with Natural Disasters and its Effect on Female Labor Force Participation</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD289.html</id>
   <published>Nov 15, 2011</published>
   <updated>Nov 15, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Explores the relationship between natural disasters and terrorism and investigates and clarifies causal links between terrorism, female labor force participation, and larger gender disparities in the labor market.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD289.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Seven Billion? No Need to Panic</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/commentary/2011/11/04/CNN.html</id>
   <published>Nov 4, 2011</published>
   <updated>Nov 4, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">We cannot wish away serious ecological issues, such as the steady increase in greenhouse gases or the steady decrease in critical resources (e.g., phosphates). But population growth per se need not portend ecological catastrophe, writes Martin Libicki.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/commentary/2011/11/04/CNN.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">California&apos;s Water Challenges</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/multimedia/audio/2011/10/25/californias-water-challenges.html</id>
   <published>Oct 25, 2011</published>
   <updated>Oct 25, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">David Groves discusses an innovative approach to dealing with the many challenges that may contribute to sustainable and affordable solutions of long term water supplies in California.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/multimedia/audio/2011/10/25/californias-water-challenges.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Reducing Future Flood Damage in New Orleans Through Home Elevation and Land Use Changes</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9612.html</id>
   <published>Sep 23, 2011</published>
   <updated>Sep 23, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">Describes how nonstructural measures &amp;mdash; such as incentives for home elevation, incentives for relocation to lower-risk areas, and restrictions on the use of floodplain land &amp;mdash; can make New Orleans less vulnerable to storm surge.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9612.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Recommended Research Priorities for the Qatar Foundation&apos;s Environment and Energy Research Institute</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1106.html</id>
   <published>Sep 22, 2011</published>
   <updated>Sep 22, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">The Qatar Foundation is establishing a national research institute to conduct and collaborate on applied research in energy, environment, and water issues, the Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute. This book recommends research priorities for the new institution and reports on a survey of relevant research institutions in the region.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1106.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Beyond the Shadow of 9/11</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP22-2011-09.html</id>
   <published>Sep 1, 2011</published>
   <updated>Sep 1, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">The 10th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks warrants a thoughtful review of America&apos;s progress and future strategy. In this &lt;em&gt;RAND Review&lt;/em&gt; cover story, RAND experts offer perspectives on Afghan-led solutions, ways to counter al Qaeda, air passenger security, and compensation for those affected by terrorism.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP22-2011-09.html" />
   
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