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     <title>RAND Research Topic: Water Supply</title>
     <link rel="self" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/water-supply.xml"/>
     <updated>2012-05-24T14:21:08Z</updated>
     <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="http://www.rand.org/topics/water-supply.html" />
     <rights>Copyright (c) 2012, The RAND Corporation</rights>
     <author>
       <name>RAND Corporation</name>
     </author>
     <id>http://www.rand.org/topics/water-supply.html</id>
	 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Threats Without Threateners? Exploring Intersections of Threats to the Global Commons and National Security</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP360.html</id>
   <published>Jan 10, 2012</published>
   <updated>Jan 10, 2012</updated>
   <summary type="html">Climate change, water scarcity, and pandemics are examined for their national security implications and impacts on the global commons. This paper describes four clusters of policy approaches for these complex, interconnected issues and uses suggestive examples to build the case for policy evolution away from fixing problems and toward innovative alternatives, such as anti-fragile systems, that actually benefit from change and uncertainty.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP360.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">California&apos;s Water Challenges</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/multimedia/audio/2011/10/25/californias-water-challenges.html</id>
   <published>Oct 25, 2011</published>
   <updated>Oct 25, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">David Groves discusses an innovative approach to dealing with the many challenges that may contribute to sustainable and affordable solutions of long term water supplies in California.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/multimedia/audio/2011/10/25/californias-water-challenges.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Increasing the Availability and Consumption of Drinking Water in Middle Schools: A Pilot Study</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100251.html</id>
   <published>Apr 30, 2011</published>
   <updated>Apr 30, 2011</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The authors assessed the acceptability, feasibility, and outcomes of a school-based intervention to improve drinking water consumption among adolescents.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201100251.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Identifying and Evaluating Robust Adaptive Policy Responses to Climate Change for Water Management Agencies in the American West</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201000193.html</id>
   <published>Jun 30, 2010</published>
   <updated>Jun 30, 2010</updated>
   <summary type="html">This paper describes work helping the Inland Empire Utilities Agency (IEUA) explicitly develop adaptive policies to respond to climate change and integrating these policies into the organizations&apos; long-range planning processes.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP201000193.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Perceptions About Availability and Adequacy of Drinking Water in a Large California School District</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20100010.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2009</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2009</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;This study of perceptions of drinking water in a California school district found that school staff and public health officials have a range of concerns about water quality and availability; as some schools move to replace sugary drinks in schools and develop policies to promote water consumption, they should explore ways of addressing these concerns.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20100010.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Availability of Drinking Water in California Public Schools</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CT305.html</id>
   <published>Apr 3, 2008</published>
   <updated>Apr 3, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Testimony presented before the California State Assembly Subcommittee on Education on April 2, 2008.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CT305.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Identifying and Reducing Climate-Change Vulnerabilities in Water-Management Plans</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9315.html</id>
   <published>Jan 22, 2008</published>
   <updated>Jan 22, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">This research brief summarizes work with Southern California&apos;s Inland Empire Utilities Agency to help it identify climate-change vulnerabilities in its long-term water plans and evaluate its most effective options for managing those risks.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9315.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Estimating the Value of Water-Use Efficiency in the Intermountain West</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR504.html</id>
   <published>Jan 10, 2008</published>
   <updated>Jan 10, 2008</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of water-efficiency programs can be difficult, because not all the benefits are easily quantified. An economic framework based on two tools from the California Urban Water Conservation Council helps estimate the avoided costs and environmental benefits of increasing water-use efficiency. &lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR504.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Planning for Climate Change in the Inland Empire: Southern California</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20080721.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2007</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Water managers in Southern California, who grapple with how to address climate change in their near-term and long-term plans, are beginning to seek methods for incorporating such changes in their planning processes.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20080721.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Helping Commercial-Building Owners Make Better Water-Efficiency Decisions</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR461.html</id>
   <published>Oct 25, 2007</published>
   <updated>Oct 25, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The amount of water a typical commercial building needs to provide essential services is highly variable. A new framework and tool provides a convenient way to consider the potential value of water-efficiency investments under price uncertainty without collecting extensive data or hiring a consultant.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR461.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">A New Tool Can Help Commercial-Building Owners Make Better Water-Efficiency Decisions</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9294.html</id>
   <published>Oct 20, 2007</published>
   <updated>Oct 20, 2007</updated>
   <summary type="html">This fact sheet describes a case study of commercial-building water efficiency and the Building Water Efficiency Analysis Model used to conduct it. The model allows convenient assessment of potential value of water-efficiency investments.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9294.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Withdrawing Liquid Assets: How Demographics Trends Affect the Freshwater Supply</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9102.html</id>
   <published>Nov 25, 2005</published>
   <updated>Nov 25, 2005</updated>
   <summary type="html">Water availability has become a pressing concern in recent years due to unprecedented growth in the earth&apos;s human population.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9102.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Demographic Trends Threaten the Freshwater Supply</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG358.html</id>
   <published>Oct 28, 2005</published>
   <updated>Oct 28, 2005</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Water availability has become a pressing concern due to unprecedented population growth. To avoid a worldwide water crisis, management policies must address the impact of demographic factors on supply and demand and find ways to use the existing freshwater supply more efficiently.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG358.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Los Angeles City Contracts Need More Transparency</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB471-1.html</id>
   <published>Feb 25, 2005</published>
   <updated>Feb 25, 2005</updated>
   <summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;L.A.&apos;s port, airport, and Department of Water and Power together contract for more than a billion dollars worth of goods and services annually; these activities could be made more transparent and efficient, thus improving public trust.&lt;/p&gt;</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB471-1.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Poisoned Wells:  The Politics of Water in the Middle East</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP139.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 2003</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 2003</updated>
   <summary type="html">Poisoned Wells:  The Politics of Water in the Middle East</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP139.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Groundwater Recharge with Reclaimed Water: Birth Outcomes in Los Angeles County, 1982-1993</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1077.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1999</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1999</updated>
   <summary type="html">An assessment of the effects on human health of reclaimed water. The results of the study do not provide evidence of an association between reclaimed water and adverse birth outcomes.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1077.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Aandachtspunten voor de Commissie waterbeheer 21e eeuw [Issues in the 21st  Century for the Water Management Commission]</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/rand_europe/RE99-015.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1998</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1998</updated>
   <summary type="html">This study provides recommendations to the Dutch Commission on the structuring of scenarios for future water management. The focus lies on two central questions: how will supply and demand for water change and develop in the next 100 years?</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/rand_europe/RE99-015.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">The Impact of Water Supply Reductions on San Joaquin Valley Agriculture During the 1986-1992 Drought</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR552.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1997</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1997</updated>
   <summary type="html">This report attempts to improve understanding of the likely effects of water supply reductions on agriculture.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR552.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">California&apos;s 1991 Drought Water Bank: Economic Impacts in the Selling Regions</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR301.html</id>
   <published>Jan 1, 1993</published>
   <updated>Jan 1, 1993</updated>
   <summary type="html">In 1991, to mitigate the effects of a five-year drought, the California department of Water Resources bought water from farmers, landlords, and agencies in northern and central California and resold it to urban and agricultural areas.</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR301.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title type="html">Dividing the Waters:  Reaching Equitable Water Solutions in the Middle East</title>
   <id>http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P7840.html</id>
   <published>Dec 31, 1992</published>
   <updated>Dec 31, 1992</updated>
   <summary type="html">In the past few years, the many-faceted problem of water in the Middle East has received increasing attention. Issues of scarcity, management, ownership, and use have been discussed in their own right, as well as in relation to the politics of the re...</summary>
   <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P7840.html" />
   
 </entry>
 
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