Lloyd Dixon

The Compensation System for Potential Side Effects Is an Important Part of a COVID-19 Vaccine Campaign

Concern about potential COVID-19 vaccine side effects and their consequences may be contributing to Americans' reluctance to get vaccinated. Policymakers and the public should carefully consider what types and levels of compensation for any adverse effects of vaccination are truly fair and appropriate.

Creating the Right Incentives for State and Local Governments to Reduce Disaster Costs

In the United States, federal, state, and local governments share responsibility for paying for losses from disasters. As the frequency and severity of disasters has increased, so have the losses. It's worth considering whether the current risk-sharing approach is appropriate.

Key Questions to Ask in Designing a Pandemic Risk Insurance Program

Congress is considering establishing an insurance program that would make business interruption coverage for pandemics less expensive and more widely available. We have identified several key questions that policymakers could consider when designing a pandemic risk insurance program.

Is It Time for a Federal Pandemic Insurance Program?

Insurance companies for the most part are not contractually obligated to cover the enormous business interruption losses caused by social distancing and stay-at-home orders. How might the United States design a system for risk spreading and compensation for pandemics? And what roles should insurance and government play?

Tapping Business Interruption Insurance Coverage to Assist Small Business During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Benefits and Drawbacks

Legislation has been introduced in several states that would require insurers to cover business interruption losses due to the COVID-19 outbreak. What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a law? If policymakers were to proceed with such an approach, then what design considerations should they keep in mind?

Allocating Costs for California Wildfires

Wildfires in California have caused and will likely continue to cause substantial losses for residents, businesses, and government agencies. It is important to distribute these losses in a manner that provides incentives to reduce their magnitude over time.

Why Houstonians Didn't Buy Flood Insurance

Thousands of Houston-area homeowners will face massive, uninsured losses due to flood damage. Few homeowners buy flood insurance unless they are required to, and it's only mandatory for homes with mortgages located in FEMA-defined high-risk flood zones. People tend to ignore low-probability risks.

3 Terrorism Risk Insurance Act Facts for Congress to Consider

With the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act set to expire this year, Congress is currently revisiting a crucial question: What is the appropriate government role in terrorism insurance markets? As the debate unfolds on Capitol Hill, policymakers should consider three key research findings.

A Year After Sandy, a New Threat to New York City

As residents continue to recover from Superstorm Sandy, they are about to confront dramatic changes in the flood insurance landscape. Changes to federal floodplain maps will mean thousands of New Yorkers will suddenly be living in areas designated as high-risk flood, which will send their insurance rates soaring.

Grab Vital Habitat Now: How Riverside County Can Step Up Conservation While Land Prices Are Down

The economic slowdown threatens to put a crimp in ambitious efforts to balance preservation, transportation improvements and development in western Riverside County. It doesn't have to. Actually, it presents an opportunity, writes Lloyd Dixon.

Report

One- to Four-Family Properties with Multiple Losses Insured by the National Flood Insurance Program: Property Characteristics, Community Demographics, and Mitigation Strategies

This report examines properties with multiple losses insured by the National Flood Insurance Program and the communities in which they are located to help inform decisionmaking relevant to floodplain management, flood insurance, and mitigation.

Commentary

Residential Landslide Insurance in Sitka, Alaska: Market Conditions and Options for Improving Availability

This Perspective includes a characterization of the market for landslide insurance in Southeast Alaska and a description of four approaches that stakeholders might consider to make landslide coverage more available.

Journal Article

Efforts to End a Stalemate in Landslide Insurance Availability Through Inclusive Policymaking: A Case Study in Sitka, Alaska

We explored how participatory techniques could overcome one disaster risk financing-related stalemate: the case of landslide insurance in a highly landslide-prone location, Sitka, Alaska.

Report

The Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Mitigation Grant Program: Incorporating Hazard Risk and Social Equity into Decisionmaking Processes

The federal Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) program can help develop community resilience through mitigation activities that emphasize equity goals alongside reduction of risk to physical assets, as described in this report.

Report

Improving the Availability and Affordability of Pandemic Risk Insurance: Projected Performance of Proposed Programs

This report evaluates and models proposals for an insurance-based program to provide businesses with resources to maintain payroll and benefits and cover ongoing operating expenses during a pandemic.

Report

Developing Metrics and Scoring Procedures to Support Mitigation Grant Program Decisionmaking

To develop metrics that can inform decisionmaking for awarding predisaster mitigation grants, the authors established three lines of effort (LoEs) for analysis. Each LoE produced a metric or framework that could support grant decisionmaking.

Report

Insuring Public Buildings, Contents, Vehicles, and Equipment Against Disasters: Current Practices of State and Local Government and Options for Closing the Insurance Gap

For this report, researchers examined state and local financial risk management practices, the role that the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Public Assistance program plays in these practices, and options for closing the insurance gap.

Report

Modernizing Puerto Rico's Housing Sector Following Hurricanes Irma and Maria: Post-Storm Challenges and Potential Courses of Action

Puerto Rico's housing sector needs a big fix. Through a careful analysis of housing damage caused by the 2017 hurricanes, the authors make informed recovery recommendations for policymakers so they can repair and rebuild safe and affordable housing.

Commentary

COVID-19 Vaccinations: Liability and Compensation Considerations Critical for a Successful Campaign

The authors of this Perspective examine liability and compensation issues as they relate to the distribution and administration of future COVID-19 vaccines.

Research Brief

California Wildfires: Can Insurance Markets Handle the Risk?

This brief examines the health of the wildfire insurance market in two areas in northern and southern California and the projected wildfire risk in these areas through 2100.

Report

Early Assistance from Potentially Responsible Parties After Human-Made Disasters

The authors explore cases in which potentially responsible parties offered early assistance to those affected by human-made disasters. They also examine the benefits and drawbacks of such assistance and describe options for encouraging this behavior.

Journal Article

Reasonable and Risk-Based? Replacing NFIP Generally Subsidized Rates with a Means-Tested Subsidy

Our results suggest that the savings associated with replacing subsidies with our proposed means-tested subsidy would be $183 million per year if all households in the study area hold NFIP policies, or a savings of approximately $3800 per policy.

Testimony

Insurance for Wildfire Risk in California

Testimony presented before a joint meeting of the California State Assembly and California State Senate Committees on Insurance on October 30, 2018.

Journal Article

The Impact of Changing Wildfire Risks on California's Residential Insurance Market

This study identifies the challenges faced by California residential insurance markets in areas with high wildfire risk. It also examines how climate change is expected to change wildfire risk and the potential implications for insurance markets.

Report

Emerging Trends in Compensation for Widespread Losses

These conference proceedings explore emerging trends in compensation for widespread loss events, including regulators' changing roles, the impact of liens, and claim aggregation.

Report

Assigning Responsibility Following a Catastrophe: Alternatives to Relying Solely on Traditional Civil Litigation

This report reviews various alternatives to relying exclusively on traditional civil litigation to assign responsibility for the human causes of a catastrophe and to determine the types of losses that a designated responsible party must reimburse.

Report

Process and Outcome Evaluation of the Alternative and Renewable Fuel and Vehicle Technology Program

Presents the results of a process and outcome evaluation of the California Energy Commission's Alternative and Renewable Fuel and Vehicle Technology Program, relying on quantitative and qualitative methods.

Report

The Cost and Affordability of Flood Insurance in New York City: Economic Impacts of Rising Premiums and Policy Options for One- to Four-Family Homes

This report examines flood insurance cost in New York City and homeowners' ability to afford it. It develops and evaluates several different approaches for assisting households that have difficulty affording flood insurance.

Research Brief

How Affordable Is Flood Insurance in New York City and What Can Be Done to Address Affordability Issues?

This research brief examines the affordability of flood insurance in New York City and what can be done to address the affordability issue.

Journal Article

Response to Inselbuch and Sackett's Critique of RAND Reports on Asbestos Trusts and Asbestos Litigation

RAND responds to a piece published in Mealey's Asbestos Bankruptcy Report that was critical of three RAND studies on asbestos litigation and bankruptcy trusts.

Report

Bankruptcy's Effect on Product Identification in Asbestos Personal Injury Cases

This report investigates whether bankruptcy reduces the likelihood that exposures to the asbestos-containing products of bankrupt parties will be identified in interrogatories and depositions.

Research Brief

Bankruptcy Trusts Complicate the Outcomes of Asbestos Lawsuits

Interrogatories and depositions in a tort case against a bankrupt firm are less likely to reveal exposure to asbestos in the firm's product than if the case had occurred before the firm filed bankruptcy.

Report

The Future of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act

Recounts the proceedings of a conference to discuss recent RAND research on issues related to the potential reauthorization of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act, as well as the varying implications of TRIA's expiration, modification, and extension.

Testimony

Catastrophic Risk in California: Are Homeowners and Communities Prepared?

Testimony presented before the California State Senate Committee on Insurance on May 14, 2014.

Report

The Impact on Workers' Compensation Insurance Markets of Allowing the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act to Expire

Examines how markets for workers' compensation insurance would be affected if the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act were allowed to expire.

Report

Flood Insurance in New York City Following Hurricane Sandy

This report examines dimensions of the changing flood insurance environment in New York City and explores the consequences for the city's residents and businesses.

Research Brief

The Rising Cost of Flood Insurance in New York City

Even as many in New York City struggle to rebuild after Hurricane Sandy, changes in the flood insurance market are increasing premiums for those living near the coast. This brief examines the gravity of the news and what can be done in response.

Report

Hedge Funds, Systemic Risk, and Dodd-Frank: The Road Ahead

These proceedings summarize the key themes and issues raised during a September 2012 RAND symposium. Discussion focused on how hedge funds might contribute to systemic risk and the extent to which recent financial reforms address these risks.

Research Brief

Making Good Decisions Without Predictions: Robust Decision Making for Planning Under Deep Uncertainty

Quantitative analysis is often indispensable to sound planning. But with deep uncertainty, predictions can lead decisionmakers astray. Robust Decision Making supports good decisions without predictions by testing plans against many futures.

Research Brief

Do Hedge Funds Pose a Systemic Risk to the Economy?

RAND research finds that hedge funds did not play a pivotal role in the financial crisis of 2007-2008 but assesses how such funds could contribute to systemic risk in the future.

Report

Hedge Funds and Systemic Risk

This report explores the extent to which hedge funds create or contribute to systemic risk, the role they played in the financial crisis, and whether and how the 2010 Dodd-Frank legislation addresses the potential systemic risks they pose.

Periodical

RAND Review: Vol. 35, No. 2, Summer 2011

Stories discuss America after 9/11, Afghan-based solutions, Al Qaeda's narrative, air passenger security, victim compensation, military families, health insurance, entrepreneurship, unemployment, sex, Katrina families, Arab Spring, and a new RAND.

Report

Asbestos Bankruptcy Trusts and Tort Compensation

This book examines how state tort laws and court proceedings consider the compensation available from asbestos bankruptcy trusts and the evidence submitted in trust claim forms, and how the establishment of the trusts can affect compensation.

Research Brief

Bankruptcy Trusts, Asbestos Compensation, and the Courts

People with asbestos injuries are increasingly receiving compensation from trusts set up by bankrupt asbestos defendants. This brief documents how courts handling these cases consider trust payments when determining compensation.

Report

The Long Shadow of 9/11: America's Response to Terrorism

In a series of essays, this book addresses the question of how America has responded in the ten years since the 9/11 terrorist attacks and suggests options for more effectively dealing with the terrorist threat in the future.

Research Brief

Call for Reform in the Residential Insurance Market after Hurricane Katrina

In light of what occurred after Katrina and the other 2004-2005 hurricanes, the authors propose goals for an effective Gulf Coast residential insurance market and highlight policy reforms that warrant consideration for achieving those goals.

Report

Residential Insurance on the U.S. Gulf Coast in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina: A Framework for Evaluating Potential Reforms

Proposes goals for an effective U.S. Gulf Coast residential insurance market and highlights policy reforms that warrant consideration for achieving those goals.

Report

Asbestos Bankruptcy Trusts: An Overview of Trust Structure and Activity with Detailed Reports on the Largest Trusts

This report describes the creation, organization, governance, and operation of asbestos personal-injury trusts and compiles information on the assets, outlays, claim-approval criteria, and governing boards of the 26 largest trusts.

Research Brief

Improving the Performance of the California Workers' Compensation Insurance Market

Analyzes factors that led to swings in the California workers' compensation insurance market after partial rate deregulation in 1995 and suggest ways to reduce market volatility and insurer insolvencies while maintaining the benefits of competition.

Report

California's Volatile Workers' Compensation Insurance Market: Problems and Recommendations for Change

This book makes recommendations to reduce the volatility of California's workers' compensation insurance market and the frequency of insolvencies while realizing the benefits of competition.

Research Brief

Diagnostic Abuse in Silica Litigation

This brief analyzes the factors that led to the exposure of widespread abuse in the diagnoses in thousands of silica injury claims in Texas, then suggests ways to uncover such abuses in mass personal-injury litigation more easily in the future.

Report

The Abuse of Medical Diagnostic Practices in Mass Litigation: The Case of Silica

This report reviews the court proceedings that led to the uncovering of abusive diagnostic practices in silica litigation, then identifies ways in which similar practices could be uncovered or prevented in the future.

Report

Balancing Environment and Development: Costs, Revenues, and Benefits of the Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan

A large habitat-conservation reserve is being created in western Riverside County to mitigate development effects on threatened and endangered species. This monograph examines the plan's costs, revenues, and effects on the permitting process.

Research Brief

Evaluating Alternatives for Renewing TRIA in an Uncertain World

This research brief summarizes an analysis of terrorism-insurance policy. The current law produces positive outcomes for conventional attacks but does not effectively address risks that nuclear, biological, chemical, or radiological attacks present.

Report

The Federal Role in Terrorism Insurance: Evaluating Alternatives in an Uncertain World

This book examines the impact of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act on the market for terrorism insurance and analyzes program enhancements to improve the availability of insurance for nuclear, biological, chemical, and radiological attacks.

Report

Commercial Wind Insurance in the Gulf States: Developments Since Hurricane Katrina and Challenges Moving Forward

Summarizes the 2005 hurricane season's impact on the market for commercial property insurance in the Gulf States, proposes goals and challenges for a wind risk insurance system, and identifies where further research is needed.

Research Brief

Private Insurers Play a Limited, but Key, Role in Underwriting Residential Flood Insurance

This research brief summarizes a study that found that the private insurance industry underwrites residential flood insurance in a limited but important niche, protecting more homes, responding to lender and borrower needs, and reducing lender costs.

Report

Trade-Offs Among Alternative Government Interventions in the Market for Terrorism Insurance: Interim Results

This briefing informs the debate over extending the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA). The results suggest that TRIA performs well on outcomes examined for conventional attacks but not for chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear ones.

Report

The Lender-Placed Flood Insurance Market for Residential Properties

The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) provides the majority of flood insurance on U.S. residential properties. This report provides information about the size of the private flood insurance market and compares private with NFIP policies.

Report

Economically Targeted Terrorism: A Review of the Literature and a Framework for Considering Defensive Approaches

This report describes the range of economic effects of terrorist activities. The framework developed here captures costs of economic targeting, whether through episodic or campaign terrorism, and explores defensive measures against this threat.

Report

National Security and Private-Sector Risk Management for Terrorism

High take-up rates for terrorism insurance or other forms of compensation for terrorism losses can enhance economic resilience after an attack and encourage national cohesion and post-event solidarity.

Research Brief

Evaluating National Flood Insurance

This research brief assesses the nationwide market penetration rate of the Federal Emergency Management Agency-administered National Flood Insurance Program, identifies the contributing factors, and summarizes the benefits of increasing this rate.

Draft

The Impact of Regulation and Litigation on Small Business and Entrepreneurship: An Overview

Surveys existing research and the general state of knowledge about the impact of regulation and legislation on small business, focusing on the areas of corporate securities, environmental protection, employment, and health insurance.

Report

The National Flood Insurance Program’s Market Penetration Rate: Estimates and Policy Implications

This report contributes to the Federal Emergency Management Agency's evaluation of the National Flood Insurance Program by assessing the program's market penetration rate and by examining opportunities for increasing this rate.

Research Brief

More Accurate Transaction Data Are Needed to Improve Air Force Service Centers

RAND Project AIR FORCE (PAF) was asked to analyze how much the Air Force spends and on what types of services.

Report

Oil Shale Development in the United States: Prospects and Policy Issues

Should the United States tap into its vast deposits of oil shale?

Report

National Security and Compensation Policy for Terrorism Losses

Terrorism insurance policy may be an important element of the strategy against terrorism, particularly as terrorists increasingly focus on economic targets.

Report

An Assessment of Air Force Data on Contract Expenditures

Assesses the adequacy and accuracy of data from the Individual Contracting Action Report form, also known as the DD350, for conducting an expenditure analysis

Report

The Impact of Extended Vehicle Emission Warranties on California’s Independent Repair Shops

Examines and quantifies the possible effects of extended emission-system warranties on independent repair shop revenues and other impacts from extended warranties.

Report

Issues and Options for Government Intervention in the Market for Terrorism Insurance

Examines the central issues in the debate over whether to extend, modify, or end the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002, which requires insurers to make terrorism coverage available to commercial policyholders

Report

Compensation for Losses from the 9/11 Attacks

Examines benefits going to those who were killed or seriously injured in the 9/11 attacks and benefits to individuals and businesses in New York City that suffered losses from the attack on the World Trade Center.

Research Brief

Compensating the Victims of 9/11

This research brief quantifies the benefits received by the various 9/11 victim groups from each compensation mechanism including insurance payments, government programs, and charitable distributions.

Research Brief

Gauging the Prospects of a U.S. Oil Shale Industry

Higher world oil prices and recent technological achievements are generating renewed interest in oil shale. However, based on technical design needs, initial commercial operations are likely more than a decade away.

Research Brief

How Would a ''Choice'' Auto Insurance Plan Affect the Insurance Costs and Compensation of Accident Victims?

Under a choice plan, those who elect the no-fault option will realize substantial cost savings while those who choose the modified version of their state's current system will not be affected.

Periodical

RAND Review: Vol. 28, No. 3, Fall 2004

Proposes ways to transform the U.S. military's personnel and compensation systems; also examines the influence of family socioeconomic background on student educational achievement and lessons of the Green Revolution for the "Gene Revolution."

Report

Final Assembly and Checkout Alternatives for the Joint Strike Fighter

Analyzes alternative strategies for final assembly and checkout of the Joint Strike Fighter.

Report

Driving Emissions to Zero: Are the Benefits of California's Zero Emission Vehicle Program Worth the Costs?

Examines the costs and emission benefits of battery-powered electric vehicles, direct hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, and other advanced technology vehicles, such gasoline hybrid electric vehicles, that manufacturers may use to satisfy program requirements.

Research Brief

Changes in the Standards for Admitting Expert Evidence

Judges have been taking their new role seriously and applying stricter standards to determine what sort of expert evidence is admissible. They also found that plaintiffs and defendants responded to the change in admissibility standards.

Report

The Implications of the September 11 Terrorist Attacks for California: A Collection of Issue Papers

This collection of issue papers illustrates that there is work to be done to improve our understanding of terrorism's longer-term effects.

Periodical

RAND Review: Vol. 26, No. 3, Fall 2002

Portrays the plight of public policies that are subject to conflicting goals -- on the national, state, and international levels -- including welfare reform in the United States, air quality in California, and information technology around the world.

Periodical

RAND Review: Vol. 26, No. 2, Summer 2002

Surveys RAND research conducted since Sept. 11, 2001, that examines the dimensions of the terrorist threat and potential responses to it, and issues such as global priorities, oversees deployments, homeland security, and state and local initiatives.

Report

The Effects of the Soledad Canyon Mine on the Aggregate Industry in the Greater Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

The Effects of the Soledad Canyon Mine on the Aggregate Industry in the Greater Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

Report

Changes in the Standards for Admitting Expert Evidence in Federal Civil Cases Since the Daubert Decision

Changes in the Standards for Admitting Expert Evidence in Federal Civil Cases Since the Daubert Decision

Report

Fighting Air Pollution in Southern California by Scrapping Old Vehicles

Analyzes the effects of an innovative and controversial program — voluntary accelerated vehicle retirement — that is part of California's plan for complying with federal clean-air standards by the required date of 2010.

Research Brief

Scrapping Old Vehicles Would Improve Southern California Air Quality at Reasonable Cost

A California program to scrap old passenger cars and light-duty trucks (light-duty vehicles, or LDVs) would improve air quality in the greater Los Angeles area at a reasonable cost.

Report

The Financial Implications of Releasing Small Firms and Small-Volume Contributors from Superfund Liability

Estimates the number of PRPs that would be released and the cleanup costs that would be transferred to the Fund by recent proposals.

Research Brief

Releasing Small Firms from Superfund Liability: What Will It Cost?

Provides information about proposals to exempt small firms and small-volume contributors, including the number and proportion of business firms that would be released, the proposals' dollar costs, and their effect on firms that would remain liable.

Research Brief

Introducing Managed Care in the Military Health System

CRI fundamentally changed the military health system; therefore, Congress required a demonstration to test the initiative's feasibility and cost-effectiveness before expanding it.

Draft

Building a New Vision for the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California: Options for Key Policy Decisions

Drawing on over 100 interviews with a wide range of people and organizations, this report identifies issues that the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California must address as it reevaluates its role in the Southern California water industry.

Report

The Impact of Water Supply Reductions on San Joaquin Valley Agriculture During the 1986-1992 Drought

This report attempts to improve understanding of the likely effects of water supply reductions on agriculture.

Report

Drought Management Policies and Economic Effects in Urban Areas of California, 1987-1992

This study reports the results of a detailed survey of urban water agencies to provide the background information needed for future studies to determine willingness-to-pay.

Report

California’s Ozone Reduction Strategy for Light-Duty Vehicles: An Economic Assessment

This report is a summary of MR-695, California's Ozone-Reduction Strategy for Light-Duty Vehicles: Direct Costs, Direct Emission Effects, and Market Responses.

Report

California’s Ozone-Reduction Strategy for Light-Duty Vehicles: Direct Costs, Direct Emission Effects, and Market Responses

The study analyzes costs, emissions effects, effects on vehicle markets, and the distribution of costs for regulations for California's multi-pronged strategy.

Research Brief

Cleaning Up California's Vehicles: Tuning the Policy Mix

Analyzed the costs and emission effects of California's strategy for reducing emissions from light-duty vehicles -- passenger cars and light-duty trucks.

Testimony

Economic Perspectives on Revising California’s Zero-Emission Vehicle Mandate

This publication contains the written statement of Lloyd S. Dixon and Steven Garber delivered on March 28, 1996, to the California Air Resources Board.

Report

The effects of benefit design and managed care on health care costs

The effects of benefit design and managed care on health care costs

Draft

Making ZEV Policy Despite Uncertainty: An Annotated Briefing for the California Air Resources Board

An analysis of the existing estimates of the cost and effectiveness of California's zero emission vehicle mandate.

Testimony

Superfund Liability Reform: Implications for Transaction Costs and Site Cleanup

This publication contains the written statement of Lloyd S. Dixon submitted on March 10, 1995, to the Subcommittee on Superfund, Waste Control and Risk Assessment of the United States Senate Environment and Public Works Committee.

Research Brief

Fixing Superfund: Getting the Formula Right

This research brief describes the contentious interactions among firms that generated or transported hazardous wastes and are thus liable for cleanup.

Report

Fixing Superfund: The Effect of the Proposed Superfund Reform Act of 1994 on Transaction Costs

This report focuses on the possible effect of the proposed Superfund Reform Act of 1994 on transaction costs -- costs resulting not from cleanup but from assigning liability for cleanup among the various parties.

Report

Private-Sector Cleanup Expenditures and Transaction Costs at 18 Superfund Sites

This report will be of interest to those evaluating Superfund's liability-based approach to cleaning up the thousands of abandoned or inactive sites across the United States that are contaminated with hazardous substances.

Report

Assessment of the Economic Impacts of California's Drought on Urban Areas: A Research Agenda

1987-91 California drought, evaluates existing work on the economic effects of the drought, and presents an agenda for future research to make an overall estimate of the economic costs of the drought in urban areas.

Report

California's 1991 Drought Water Bank: Economic Impacts in the Selling Regions

In 1991, to mitigate the effects of a five-year drought, the California department of Water Resources bought water from farmers, landlords, and agencies in northern and central California and resold it to urban and agricultural areas.

Report

Evaluation of the CHAMPUS Reform Initiative: Volume 3, Health Care Utilization and Costs

Health care utilization and costs under managed care are evaluated in this report.

Testimony

RAND Research on Superfund Transaction Costs: A Summary of Findings to Date

This publication contains the written statement of Lloyd S. Dixon submitted on November 4, 1993 to the Subcommittee on Superfund, Recycling, and Solid Waste of the United States Senate Environment and Public Works Committee.

Research Brief

Superfund: The Private-Sector Experience

This research brief examines the extent of the involvement of private parties with Superfund site cleanup.

Report

Superfund and Transaction Costs: The Experiences of Insurers and Very Large Industrial Firms

Congress enacted the Superfund program in 1980 to clean up the nation's worst inactive hazardous-waste sites. Superfund uses a liability-based approach intended to help government tap private-sector resources to finance and conduct cleanups.

Testimony

Superfund and Transaction Costs - The Experiences of Insurers and Very Large Industrial Firms

Lloyd Dixon, a RAND economist, recently testified before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Public Works and Transportation regarding transaction costs involved in the cleanup of hazardous waste sites.

Report

Utilization and Costs in the CHAMPUS Reform Initiative: Preliminary Results for April-September 1989

Presents interim results from an evaluation of the CHAMPUS Reform Initiative (CRI), which was implemented in August 1988 throughout California and Hawaii to demonstrate major reforms of the military health care system.

Report

Preliminary Results from an Evaluation of the CHAMPUS Reform Initiative

This Note presents preliminary findings concerning the operations of the major CRI programs and their effects on CHAMPUS costs in California and Hawaii.