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The nation has difficult trade-offs in facing calls on Army forces for operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. This report describes the effects of large deployments on the Army's ability to sustain overseas operations, to provide forces for other contin...
Key findings: --Contractors continue to play an important role in military operations --Any decision about using or not using contractors carries risk --Decisions about using contractors on the battlefield tend to be complex --A disciplined approach...
Researchers from RAND Arroyo Center studied the Army's reverse logistics system with an eye to initiating continuous process improvement efforts to make it more efficient and effective.
To determine how the Army's reparable spare parts management process could be made more effective, Arroyo researchers conducted a case study centered on improving the availability of the engine of an armored recovery vehicle.
Provides an overview of the Department of Defense (DoD) Biometric Conformity Assessment Initiative, a strategic plan to ensure that DoD's biometric products are interoperable.
What should the U.S. Army look like in 20 years? Using the tool of alternative futures analysis, this study attempts to help the Army with force planning for the 2025 era. It lays out a spectrum of different “future worlds” to illustrate the complete universe of future missions. Analyzing possible trends across five key areas (geopolitics, economics, demographics, technology, and environment), the study defines six alternative futures and postulates an appropriate “Army type” for each one.
The support of the American public is widely held to be a critical prerequisite for undertaking military action abroad. This monograph describes American public opinion toward wars and other large military operations over the last decade, to delineate the sources of support and opposition for each war or operation, to identify the principal fault lines in support, and to illuminate those factors that are consistent predictors of support for and opposition to military operations.
This report shows how planners can create courses of action and assess the risks associated with them to improve how the Army uses contractors on the battlefield. It shows how to assess risks relevant to mission success, contractor safety, cost, and such other factors as administrative law and force management. It addresses risk assessment relevant to decisions that affect Army use of contractors, whether they are made inside or outside the Army.
In partnership with the Army Medical Department, RAND worked to implement clinical practice guidelines. This report evaluates the asthma guideline demonstration. It documents the actions, assesses effects, and measures the quality and limitations of data for monitoring outcomes. The authors found that the implementation scored successes but resource limitations and organizational barriers curbed progress. They conclude that flexibility, monitoring, and training are the keys to implementing the guidelines. They also found that patient education needed improvement.
In partnership with the Army Medical Department (AMEDD), RAND has been working to implement clinical practice guidelines. This report evaluates the diabetes guideline demonstration. It documents the intended actions, assesses effects, and measures the quality and limitations of data for monitoring outcomes. The authors found that the implementation scored successes but resource limitations and organizational barriers curbed progress. They conclude that flexibility, adequate resources, and experience are the keys to implementing guidelines throughout AMEDD.
An integrative approach to improving the responsiveness, reliability, and efficiency of the Army’s inventory-management and component-repair processes. Three key issues are identified: (1) impact of uncertainty and variability in customer demands on long-term planning; (2) need for near-term replanning for execution; and (3) inability of repair responsiveness to meet changing requirements. Alternatives for improving both planning and repair activities are presented, and it is suggested that a pilot effort be undertaken to develop and test alternative approaches.
The eArmyU continuing education program allows enlisted soldiers to earn college credits while on active duty. This study sought to determine how to make eArmyU available to more individuals while controlling program costs. Historically, the program”s primary cost had been attributed to the laptop computer it provides. This study examined how the existing eArmyU program, as well as how removing the laptop or other provisions, affect various soldier outcomes.
In the Department of Defense, 63 distinct acquisition reform (AR) initiatives were undertaken from 1989 to 2002. By looking at what the AR movement “was” in the 1990s (by describing the initiatives launched under its name) and by letting acquisition personnel describe in their own words how their work was affected by those initiatives, the authors seek to shed light on what the AR movement has and has not accomplished in terms of changing the way the acquisition process works.
Is the Army getting what it needs and managing risks appropriately in its combat service support contracts? This report uses the Army’s Balkans Support Contract and a continuous risk-management framework to answer these questions. On the basis of this case study, the authors conclude that the Army has been getting what it needs, though it might, at times, be bearing too much cost-related risk, and that few risks arise directly from the use of contractors. They also see a need for more training for the Army’s contracting personnel to better plan, coordinate, and manage contracts.
Combat stress casualties are not necessarily higher in city operations than operations on other types of terrain. Commanders and NCOs need to have the skills to treat and prevent stress casualties and understand their implications for urban operations. The authors review the known precipitants of combat stress reaction, its battlefield treatment, and the preventive steps commanders can take to limit its extent and severity.
The nation has difficult trade-offs in facing calls on Army forces for operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. This report describes the effects of large deployments on the Army’s ability to provide forces for other contingencies, to ensure that soldiers are trained, and to continue to recruit and retain soldiers. The authors found that Army plans for transformation and employing reserves at reasonable rates still fall short. Steps to improve the situation all involve high risks or costs. Unless requirements recede, the nation faces an Army stretched thin, with no quick fix or easy solution.
This monograph examines the relationship between recruiting practices and conditions and the first-term success of Army soldiers. Success in the first term is important because recruiting soldiers is expensive. If soldiers fail to complete their first terms, the Army must recruit others to replace them, effectively doubling the cost. This monograph analyzes how current recruiting policies influence the success of first-term soldiers. It also examines how the Army manages first-term soldiers.
This monograph describes how well the Department of Defense logistics system supported Army forces in Operation Iraqi Freedom, documents the major reasons for shortfalls in performance, provides recommendations for improvement, and points to questions raised with respect to the design of future forces.
This monograph describes how Army forces were sustained during Operation Iraqi Freedom, examines how well this support performed, and discusses the effects on operations with an emphasis on the period from the start of ground combat to the fall of Baghdad. The findings have implications for the design of the logistics system, logistics process improvement efforts, future force design and warfighting concepts, and the acquisition of end items such as vehicles as well as logistics enablers such as those that provide logistics situational awareness.
An examination of policies and alternatives for increasing the contribution of The Army School System (TASS) to Army readiness and improving the integration of the Active Component (AC) and Reserve Component (RC) training systems. The study recommends that the Army adopt private-sector models in developing interactive media instruction, develop a more effective local school system to better meet future unit training needs, and improve the integration of AC-RC training institutions to leverage existing resources and expand options.
With continued military downsizing and base closures, cleanup of unexploded ordnance (UXO) at former weapons ranges has become one of the most costly environmental problems the military faces. This study examines cost estimation for UXO remediation conducted at closed military installations, the difficulties of accurately estimating cleanup costs, and the major effects that different cleanup requirements and methods can have on cost.
In every operation, the functions of command, control, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), and communications are all fundamental to success. But in cities, the dense population, many manmade structures, and other challenges act to severely impede these functions in several ways. This monograph contemplates the nature of those challenges and proposes several recommendations to surmount them in both the short and longer terms.
The commander of Army Materiel Command (AMC) ordered the establishment of a U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM) to consolidate the research and development (R&D) organizations in AMC under one commander. RAND Arroyo Center identified four major missions for RDECOM and analyzed a set of organizational designs best suited for carrying out those missions.
Summarizes RAND Arroyo Center streams of research aimed to help the Army transform while at war.
