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RAND researchers catalog innovative and emerging threats to Army installations, identify deficiencies in the Army's current threat assessment methodologies, and develop a framework to respond to these threats. The analysis revealed that the Army is not prepared to defend continental United States installations from complex coordinated attacks against the homeland using unconventional means.
This Annual Report illustrates the depth, breadth, and responsiveness of the studies that RAND Arroyo Center conducted for the Army in fiscal year 2020. It highlights portfolios of research in areas of enduring interest to Army leadership and includes a sampler of research summaries that demonstrate the range of Arroyo's analytic capabilities. It also describes Arroyo's organization, leadership, and oversight.
Testimony presented before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission on September 9, 2020.
North Korea maintains massive numbers of conventional artillery systems that pose serious a threat to major South Korean population centers. Researchers assessed the magnitude of the threat across five attack scenarios, and this document presents a series of infographics detailing their findings, providing a useful tool for understanding this important aspect of the complex situation on the Korean peninsula.
To explore what extended competition between the United States and China might entail out to 2050, the authors of this report identified and characterized China's grand strategy, analyzed its component national strategies (diplomacy, economics, science and technology, and military affairs), and assessed how successful China might be at implementing these over the next three decades.
Tracing the evolution of the U.S. Army throughout American history, the authors of this four-volume series show that there is no such thing as a "traditional" U.S. military policy. Rather, the laws that authorize, empower, and govern the U.S. armed forces emerged from long-standing debates and a series of legislative compromises between 1903 and 1940. Volume III covers the period from 1940 to 1970 and the development of Total Force Policy.
Tracing the evolution of the U.S. Army throughout American history, the authors of this four-volume series show that there is no such thing as a "traditional" U.S. military policy. Rather, the laws that authorize, empower, and govern the U.S. armed forces emerged from long-standing debates and a series of legislative compromises between 1903 and 1940. Volume I traces U.S. military policy from the colonial era through the Spanish-American War.
Tracing the evolution of the U.S. Army throughout American history, the authors of this four-volume series show that there is no such thing as a "traditional" U.S. military policy. Rather, the laws that authorize, empower, and govern the U.S. armed forces emerged from long-standing debates and a series of legislative compromises between 1903 and 1940. Volume IV traces how Total Force Policy has been implemented since 1970.
Tracing the evolution of the U.S. Army throughout American history, the authors of this four-volume series show that there is no such thing as a "traditional" U.S. military policy. Rather, the laws that authorize, empower, and govern the U.S. armed forces emerged from long-standing debates and a series of legislative compromises between 1903 and 1940. Volume II focuses on the laws enacted in the early 20th century that transformed the Army.
Many Army installations are facing significant and increasing monthly costs in their utility accounts for energy and water services. Researchers identified options for reducing installation utility costs in three main areas: reducing commodity payments; finding alternative funding sources for energy and water system investments; and leveraging nontraditional partnerships, particularly with state and local governments.
Analysis of Russian military capabilities reveals stark limitations in Russia's ability to safely and effectively deploy and sustain ground forces around the world. Notional deployment scenarios highlight a lack of readily deployable forces and transportation assets and limited freedom of movement. Collectively, these challenges suggest a modern Russian force that is far less deployable than the Soviet military it replaced.
Russia's ability to deploy military forces around the world is significantly depleted from the Soviet era. This report describes the strengths and weaknesses of Russia's ground force deployment capacity. Russia's armed forces are much improved from the 1990s, but lack of adequate transportation, political limitations, shortfalls in sustainment, limits on conscript deployment, and other factors constrain its global ground force deployment.
The U.S. Army Medical Department's missions are to care for the war wounded during conflict and to operate medical treatment facilities (MTFs) that care for service members, their beneficiaries, and military retirees. Because the injuries that require treatment during wartime can be very different from the case mix seen in MTFs, the Army sought to identify ways to help providers prepare for wartime missions while they are stationed at home.
The U.S. Army has accepted risk in facility sustainment to maintain warfighting readiness, which can result in higher life-cycle costs because it increases the likelihood that facility components break earlier. To identify strategies and make recommendations for improving the allocation and execution of Army installation facility sustainment funding, the authors study practices in the Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, and public and private sectors.
Recent national defense policies focus on the importance of multinational interoperability to meeting U.S. defense goals. By recounting both their literature review and structured interviews with planners and Army leadership, the authors describe potential benefits of interoperability, the applicability of those benefits in particular contexts, and the significant costs and risks that investing in it might entail.
There is increasing concern over the common, repetitive forms of blast—often unrelated to combat—to which military members are exposed during service, and how those exposures could affect the central nervous system, potentially resulting in neurological and emotional consequences. The authors of this report review the relevant literature and identify research and policy gaps related to military occupational blast exposure.
To what degree is the suicide trend in the U.S. Army unique to that service, relative to what is observed in the general U.S. population? Researchers investigate how accounting for additional population risk factors beyond age and gender (race/ethnicity, time, marital status, and educational attainment) affects suicide rate differences between soldiers and a comparable subset of the general U.S. population.
U.S. Army North led Department of Defense support to civilian disaster-response operations in the wake of hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017. RAND was asked to answer a series of questions about that support, including about relationships among responding organizations and possible improvements in such things as speed of response and situational awareness.
The authors of this Perspective identify best practices in the disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration field; describe the conditions in Afghanistan under which such programs would need to be carried out; and recommend steps that the U.S. Army and other elements of the U.S. Government should take to prepare to advise and assist the Afghan government in negotiating and eventually implementing such arrangements.
This Perspective examines the interests that inspire Russia's use of subversion, the means involved, and recent events that illustrate Russia's attempts at subversion. The authors propose ensuring that any responses to such actions are closely and clearly linked with particular acts of subversion, conducting additional research on what makes some Russian subversion effective, and improving rapid attribution of subversion.
This report analyzes the golden hour—the early phase of a postconflict stability operation—and the actions, organization, and capabilities necessary to seize it and set the conflict-affected country on a path to self-sustaining peace. There is evidence that the early phases of postconflict operations are critical for improving the odds of success and reducing the eventual costs of achieving an acceptable outcome.
To help the U.S. Army increase the transparency of reimbursable accounting practices and improve auditability, the authors assess current funding models and impacts that alternative models would have on suppliers, customers, and the Army at two commands that rely heavily upon reimbursable funding. They recommend keeping current models but making improvements that would allow the commands to address stakeholder financial and accounting concerns.
This report examines how the U.S. Army can move ahead with the development and integration of automated driving technology for its convoy operations in the near future. The authors examine the technical and tactical benefits and risks of different employment concepts of automated trucks in convoys that appear viable in the next one to five years. Robotic ground vehicles could potentially save lives and increase convoy efficiency.
This report provides empirical evidence on the deterrent effects of U.S. overseas military forces. It investigates how these effects might vary by the type, size, and location of these forces, as well as the effects of U.S. forces deployed in the midst of crises. The analyses provide the clearest evidence in support of the deterrent effect of heavy ground forces, particularly when deployed near but not directly bordering potential adversaries.
This report identifies factors associated with changes in outcomes for soldiers who received Army behavioral health specialty care and provides recommendations to improve care and outcomes for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. Analyses of 141 patient and treatment variables indicated that two treatment factors—therapeutic alliance and receipt of benzodiazepines—were associated with outcomes.
