RAND Health Care has been analyzing major issues related to public and private financing of health care since the program? inception in 1968. An early landmark study in this body of work is the RAND Health Insurance Experiment, still the largest health policy study in U.S. history. RAND work in this research area includes the organization and regulation of health care markets, the effects of population health on public financing, cost-effective allocation of private and public financing, and distributional issues in health and health care associated with health care financing, among others.
Most adults in this survey study were willing to use video visits for nonemergency care but preferred in-person care, suggesting that patient preferences will help define telehealth's role in US health care after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Microsimulation (Future Adult Model) predicted 30-year US population changes from improved diet quality. Diet improvement reduced prevalence of diabetes, heart disease and stroke by 11%, 7%, and 10%, and reduced healthcare costs by $144B in year 30.
We review and synthesize papers estimating drug R&D costs incurred by industry. We find a substantial range of per-drug costs, from $113 million–$6 billion. We discuss the data sources, methods, and assumptions used in each study and suggest areas for future research and data collection.
The 10Plan is a self-pay plan for individuals currently uninsured or covered by a private nongroup health insurance plan. Individuals would pay no premiums up front, face Medicare rates, pay a copayment for each encounter, and have the option to pay cash for services or borrow from the government at a low interest rate to pay for care. The authors built a microsimulation model to estimate health care spending under the status quo and the 10Plan.
Consumers of health care in the United States often lack information on the actual prices of the care they receive and can also lack access to information about the quality of their care. RAND researchers gathered information on how health care prices are set, price variation in health care markets, barriers to price and quality transparency for consumers, and the extent to which price and quality information is used in marketing efforts.
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) bundles payments for post-operative care within 10 or 90 days after many surgical procedures. Congress mandated that CMS collect data on the number and level of post-operative visits to enable CMS to assess the accuracy of global surgical package valuation. The authors of this report summarize patterns of post-operative visits for procedures furnished during calendar year 2018.
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) bundles payments for post-operative care within 10 or 90 days after many surgical procedures. Congress mandated that CMS collect data on the number and level of post-operative visits to enable CMS to assess the accuracy of global surgical package valuation. The authors of this report summarize patterns of post-operative visits for procedures furnished during calendar year 2019.
To help inform accurate valuation of procedures with global periods, Medicare required select practitioners to report on their post-operative visits beginning July 1, 2017. Analysis of 1.4 million procedures with 10- or 90-day global periods, linked to 931,640 post-operative visits, found that the proportion of expected post-operative visits provided was low for all procedures, suggesting the need to revalue procedures with global periods.
As part of the evaluation of a federal initiative to integrate HIV medical and housing data at four local jurisdictions in the U.S., we estimated the financial costs of implementing data integration occurring from June 2016 to August 2018.
We provide new evidence on causal factors behind geographic variation in health care utilization by examining changes in health care use for the near-elderly as they transition from being uninsured into Medicare.
This study uses insurance claims data and changes in plan offerings within firms over time to estimate treatment effects of high-deductible plans on spending on 24 low-value services received in the outpatient setting.
International reference pricing would have lowered 2020 US spending on select prescription drugs by 52% ($83.5 billion).
The authors analyze the spending impact of policy options to reduce hospital prices paid by private health plans, with various design choices and effectiveness levels for each approach. They estimate that price regulation could have the largest impact on hospital prices and spending but would likely face political challenges, while improving price transparency and competition could help reduce prices—but to a lesser extent than price regulation.
Price transparency is one strategy that policymakers have proposed to help consumers identify and select lower-priced health care providers and services, but use of price transparency websites remains low. This report examines current price transparency efforts and their features, describes barriers to more widespread availability and use of price information, and discusses possible ways to overcome those barriers.
Understanding the extent to which drug prices are higher in the United States than in other countries is useful when developing and targeting policies to address both growth in drug spending and the financial impact of prescription drugs on consumers. This report provides findings related to international prescription drug price comparisons, noting that 2018 drug prices in the United States were substantially higher than those in other countries.
In 2020, the Immediate Office of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services sought to identify measures that could improve the ability of the United States and other countries to learn from international comparisons of health system performance. RAND Corporation researchers worked with 15 experts in quality measurement, clinical care, and health economics to generate and prioritize potential measure constructs.
To determine whether and how to respond to the evolving health care market, policy makers need to better understand how health systems are actually organized and the relationships among the entities that comprise them.
In this report, the authors address how the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) might improve the methodology used in practice expense (PE) rate-setting, update data that inform PE rates, or both. The system of data and methods that CMS uses to support PE rate-setting is complex; thus, CMS must take into account a number of competing priorities when considering changes to the system.
The authors describe the stakeholders involved in prescription drug supply chains and the flows of products, payments, and information between stakeholders. Many stakeholders and steps are involved in the life cycle of a prescription drug as it moves from chemical synthesis and formulation through dispensing or administration to patients.
RAND researchers used data from 49 states and Washington, D.C., to assess hospital prices paid by private health plans. Data sources included $33.8 billion in spending from 3,112 community hospitals—more than half of community hospitals nationwide.
