NSRD Publications Archive - 2020

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  Clinical Interventions for Adults with Comorbid Alcohol Use and Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis 2020

  Sean Grant, Gulrez Shah Azhar, Eugeniu Han, Marika Booth, Aneesa Motala, Jody Larkin, Susanne Hempel

  The authors synthesize evidence on the effects and compare the effectiveness of clinical interventions for improving symptoms of adults with co-occurring alcohol use and depressive disorders. The review aims to support clinical decisionmaking regarding which interventions to use with patients dually diagnosed with co-occurring alcohol use and depressive disorders.

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  An Experiment in Tactical Wargaming with Platforms Enabled by Artificial Intelligence 2020

  Danielle C. Tarraf, J. Michael Gilmore, D. Sean Barnett, Scott Boston, David R. Frelinger, Daniel Gonzales, Alexander C. Hou, Peter Whitehead

  RAND researchers explored the capabilities and limitations of future weapon systems incorporating artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) through two wargame experiments. Such games, which bring together operators and engineers, could be used by the requirements and acquisition communities to develop realizable requirements and engineering specifications for AI/ML systems.

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  The Composition and Employment of Software Personnel in the U.S. Department of Defense: An Initial Analysis 2020

  Bonnie L. Triezenberg, Jason M. Ward, Jonathan Cham, Devon Hill, Sean Robson, Jeff Fourman

  Attempts by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to address persistent challenges with software development have been hampered by an inability to identify the many software professionals working within DoD's programs. In this report, the authors identify and characterize a subset of DoD's software workforce, the types of software developed within DoD, and the variety of methods DoD programs use when employing that workforce to develop software.

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  Mitigating the Effects of Blast-Related Burn Injuries from Prolonged Field Care to Rehabilitation and Resilience: Proceedings and Expert Findings from a U.S. Department of Defense International State-of-the-Science Meeting 2020

  Emily Hoch, Samantha McBirney, Charles C. Engel, Tepring Piquado

  Burn injuries caused by improvised explosive devices accounted for most burns suffered by service members in the recent conflict in Afghanistan. Blast-related burns, which are at elevated risk of infection and other potentially deadly complications, present unique treatment challenges, especially when immediate evacuation is impossible. These conference proceedings describe a meeting at RAND to identify knowledge gaps in blast-injury research.

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  Allies Growing Closer: Japan–Europe Security Ties in the Age of Strategic Competition 2020

  Jeffrey W. Hornung

  Some of the United States' most powerful and trustworthy allies are its European partners and Japan. This report presents the results of a RAND Corporation study examining how Japan, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and three European states — the United Kingdom, France, and Germany — are increasingly cooperating in the security domain amid growing strategic competition. The author provides recommendations for fostering partner efforts.

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  The Behavioral Health of Minority Active Duty Service Members 2020

  Eunice C. Wong, Sarah O. Meadows, Terry L. Schell, Wing Yi Chan, Lisa H. Jaycox, Karen Chan Osilla, Megan S. Schuler, Elizabeth Roth

  The authors describe the behavioral health of racial/ethnic minority, women, and sexual-minority service members relative to their majority-group peers and examine minority–majority group differences in the military versus civilian populations. Understanding whether minority-group service members experience differences in behavioral health can help the U.S. Department of Defense target its efforts to improve force readiness.

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  Analysis of a Time-in-Grade Pay Table for Military Personnel and Policy Alternatives 2020

  Beth J. Asch, Michael G. Mattock, Patricia K. Tong

  In support of the Thirteenth Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation, the authors of this report assess the advantages and drawbacks of a using a table based on time in grade, rather than time in service, to set military pay, and whether the benefits of a time-in-grade pay table could be achieved by using alternative policies under the current time-in-service pay table.

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  Setting the Level and Annual Adjustment of Military Pay 2020

  Beth J. Asch, Michael G. Mattock, Troy D. Smith, Jason M. Ward

  In support of the Thirteenth Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation, the authors of this report provide input on setting the level of military pay and the annual adjustment to military pay. They conclude that the U.S. Department of Defense should raise the benchmark it uses to set military pay and change the way it calculates the annual increase in military basic pay.

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  Command and Control in U.S. Naval Competition with China 2020

  Kimberly Jackson, Andrew Scobell, Stephen Webber, Logan Ma

  The authors explore how command and control (C2) is exercised in the U.S. Navy and China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) Navy, how service culture affects C2 concepts, and how these C2 constructs might support or challenge each nation's shift to new maritime missions. The report characterizes common themes and identifies outstanding questions about the ways that cultural and organizational factors influence China's defense choices more broadly.

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  Characteristics and Duty Limitations of Service Members Transferring Between the Active and Reserve Components 2020

  Heather Krull, Christina Panis, Katherine Anania, Philip Armour

  The authors describe policy requirements for transfers from the active component (AC) to the reserve component (RC). They analyze the characteristics and duty limitations observed among AC to RC transfers and examine the service member's time in the AC for information related to the RC medical condition. Finally, they make recommendations to reduce the number of personnel who transfer with medical conditions that limit deployability.

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  Japan's Potential Contributions in an East China Sea Contingency 2020

  Jeffrey W. Hornung

  In the Indo-Pacific region, the alliance the United States has with Japan is arguably its most important. If a high-end contingency erupts in the East China Sea and the United States becomes engaged in major conventional combat operations with China, what roles can and might Japan play? This report assesses the strengths and limitations of Japan's Self-Defense Forces (SDF), as well as restrictions on SDF use of force ingrained in Japanese law.

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  Benchmarks for Success: Expected Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of National Guard Youth ChalleNGe Participants 2020

  Kathryn A. Edwards

  The National Guard Youth ChalleNGe program is a residential, quasi-military program for youths ages 16 to 18 who are experiencing difficulty in traditional high school. This research provides ChalleNGe sites with a set of population benchmarks of individual outcomes with which to compare their cadets. The author develops these benchmarks using data from large public datasets.

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  Intelligence Support for Operations in the Information Environment: Dividing Roles and Responsibilities Between Intelligence and Information Professionals 2020

  Michael Schwille, Anthony Atler, Jonathan Welch, Christopher Paul, Richard C. Baffa

  Operations in the information environment require close coordination between intelligence and information operations personnel. However, this coordination is hindered by a lack of understanding of each community's roles and responsibilities, a lack of shared processes, and low priority across the joint force, prompting a review of these challenges and the development of a comprehensive set of solutions to address them.

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  Improving Intelligence Support for Operations in the Information Environment 2020

  Michael Schwille, Anthony Atler, Jonathan Welch, Christopher Paul, Richard C. Baffa

  Challenges to effective intelligence support for operations in the information environment (OIE) can be addressed by improving processes, prioritizing support for OIE, training and educating personnel, and optimally allocating personnel.

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  RAND Space Launch Virtual Panel 2020

  Bonnie L. Triezenberg, Yool Kim, Gary McLeod, D. Jason Cothern, Bruce McClintock

  A panel discussion hosted by the RAND Space Enterprise Initiative tackles issues related to the global space launch enterprise. The panel of RAND Corporation experts joined Brigadier General D. Jason Cothern to consider how U.S. Space Force decisions affect domestic launch providers, how recent trends affect future strategies and policies for responsive space launch, and the capabilities and limitations of U.S. space launch facilities.

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