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The United States is increasingly participating in coalition military operations. Coalition support may be required for successful military operations and in most such operations the United States desires to share the burden. U.S. allies recognize the increased security that coalition operations can bring. Because interoperability is a key element in coalitions, RAND undertook research to help the Air Force identify potential interoperability problems that may arise in coalition air operations and to suggest nonmateriel and technology-based solutions. The research focus is on command, control,communications, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C3ISR) systems in out-of-NATO-area operations. The authors' review of recent coalition air operations found that interoperability problems arose because of differences in doctrine, incompatible communications, different planning and execution systems, and different weapon system capabilities. For example, allies may lack sufficient all-weather, day and night precision-guided weapons. The authors suggest the following to increase interoperability in coalition operations: (1) common or harmonized doctrine for combined joint task force operations, from planning through assessment, (2) compatible or adaptable concepts of operation for airborne surveillance and control, (3) common information-sharing standards and compatible tactical communication systems, and (4) expert, experienced personnel who understand the capabilities of coalition partners. From a technology perspective and cost considerations, C3ISR initiatives appear to offer the best opportunities for interoperability enhancements.
Table of Contents
Preface
Figures
Tables
Summary
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgments
Acronyms
Chapter One
Introduction
Chapter Two
A Broad Definition of Interoperability
Chapter Three
Interoperability Challenges in Recent Coalition Operations
Chapter Four
New Trends That May Affect Future Interoperability
Chapter Five
Command and Control
Chapter Six
Space Developments
Chapter Seven
Air Surveillance and Control
Chapter Eight
Ground Surveillance and Control
Chapter Nine
Tactical Data Links
Chapter Ten
Fighters and Weapons
Chapter Eleven
Illustrative Military Value
Chapter Twelve
Concluding Observations and Suggested Actions
Appendix A
Allies' Participation and Contributions in Recent Coalition Operations
Appendix B
New Operational Concepts from Joint Vision 2010
Appendix C
MIDS Case Study
Appendix D
Notional Fighter Deployment
Bibliography
Research conducted by
The research described in this report was performed under the auspices of RAND's Project AIR FORCE division.
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