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Publications on Defence and Security

2020

A Changing Climate: Exploring the Implications of Climate Change for UK Defence and Security 2020

Kate Cox, Anna Knack, Martin Robson, Neil Adger, Pauline Paille, Jon Freeman, James Black, Ruth Harris
This study sought to: understand the strategic defence and security implications of climate change on UK MOD activities; develop a conceptual framework to help decision makers map a range of impacts of climate change in relation to the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD)'s strategic objectives; and produce recommendations to support the UK MOD in mitigating risks and adapting the challenges and opportunities presented by climate change.
Cyber Threats to NATO from a Multi-Domain Perspective 2021

James Black, Alice Lynch
This paper situates cyber threats in the wider context of evolving multi-domain operations (MDO) theory and practice.
The End of the Beginning: Assessing the potential economic implications of prolonged UK–EU trade policy uncertainty 2020

Charles P. Ries, Marco Hafner, Clement Fays, Erez Yerushalmi
This report examines the potential economic implications of prolonged trade policy uncertainty associated with the renegotiation period between the UK and EU after Brexit. It is estimated that by the end of the initially planned transition period in 2020, UK GDP could be 0.17 percentage points lower compared to if the UK was not in a renegotiation period about its future trading relation with the EU. Equivalent to a GDP loss of about $5.5bn.
Enhancing deterrence and defence on NATO's northern flank: Allied perspectives on strategic options for Norway 2020

James Black, Stephen J. Flanagan, Gene Germanovich, Ruth Harris, David Ochmanek, Marina Favaro, Katerina Galai, Emily Ryen Gloinson
As a member of NATO, Norway supports efforts to enhance deterrence, crisis management and regional security in the North Atlantic and High North — including Scandinavia and northern Russia, as well as the waters of the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea and North Sea. To inform ongoing strategy and policy development, Norway commissioned RAND to gather insights into other NATO Allies' perspectives on strategic opportunities and challenges in the region.
Evaluation of the Ex-Service Personnel in the Criminal Justice System Programme 2020

Sarah Grand-Clement, Diana Dascalu, Marina Favaro, Kate Cox, Ruth Harris
Most ex-Service personnel transition effectively into civilian life, but some face challenges that hinder a successful transition. This can lead to some individuals committing crimes and finding themselves within the criminal justice system. RAND Europe was commissioned to evaluate the Ex-Service Personnel in the CJS Programme, to understand how projects have helped reduce reoffending and provide support to ex-Service personnel in the CJS.
Evaluation of the Ex-Service Personnel in the Criminal Justice System Programme 2020

Sarah Grand-Clement, Diana Dascalu, Marina Favaro, Kate Cox, Ruth Harris
Narrated presentation describing a RAND Europe project to evaluate the Ex-Service Personnel in the Criminal Justice System Programme, to understand how projects have helped reduce reoffending and provide support to ex-Service personnel.
Human-machine detection of online-based malign information 2020

William Marcellino, Kate Cox, Katerina Galai, Linda Slapakova, Amber Jaycocks, Ruth Harris
As social media is increasingly being used as a primary source for news online, there is a rising threat from the spread of malign and false information.In this context, RAND Europe developed a method to detect the malign use of information online for the UK Ministry of Defence's Defence and Security Accelerator.
The Impact of New and Emerging Technologies on the Cyber Threat Landscape and Their Implications for NATO 2021

Jacopo Bellasio, Erik Silfversten
This paper discusses a selection of new and emerging technologies with potentially disruptive effects, particularly concerning cyber threats that may stem from their maturation and use over the next decade.
Understanding skills gaps in the European defence sector 2020

Katerina Galai, Lucia Retter, Julia Muravska, Marta Kepe, Alice Lynch, Anna Knack, Jacopo Bellasio, Antonia Ward, Arya Sofia Meranto, Davide Maistro, et al.
This study developed an overview of the existing and future defence-skills landscape in the EU, identifying and analysing the skills gaps and assessing the causes of these gaps.
The Utility of Military Force and Public Understanding in Today's Britain 2020

Hew Strachan, Ruth Harris
This study challenges the traditional relationships between the UK's military, government and people. It examines the relevance of the construct for the 21st Century and what this evolving relationship means for the nature of the utility of force.

2019

Annex A: Overview of Literature on Defence-Related Skills: Annex to Report: Vision on Defence-Related Skills for Europe Today and Tomorrow 2019

Julia Muravska, Alice Lynch, Jacopo Bellasio, Anna Knack, Katerina Galai, Marta Kepe, Antonia Ward, Arya Sofia Meranto, Davide Maistro, Martin Hansen
Annex to study examining the skills requirements of the European defence sector, defence-related skills gaps and shortages, the challenges with different sets of skills, and the general features of the European defence industrial skills supply.
Annex B: Denmark: Annex to Report: Vision on Defence-Related Skills for Europe Today and Tomorrow 2019

Julia Muravska, Jacopo Bellasio, Alice Lynch, Anna Knack, Katerina Galai, Marta Kepe, Antonia Ward, Arya Sofia Meranto, Davide Maistro, Martin Hansen
Annex to study examining the skills requirements of the European defence sector, defence-related skills gaps and shortages, the challenges with different sets of skills, and the general features of the European defence industrial skills supply.
Annex C: Finland: Annex to Report: Vision on Defence-Related Skills for Europe Today and Tomorrow 2019

Julia Muravska, Alice Lynch, Anna Knack, Jacopo Bellasio, Katerina Galai, Marta Kepe, Antonia Ward, Arya Sofia Meranto, Davide Maistro, Martin Hansen
Annex to study examining the skills requirements of the European defence sector, defence-related skills gaps and shortages, the challenges with different sets of skills, and the general features of the European defence industrial skills supply.
Annex D: France: Annex to Report: Vision on Defence-Related Skills for Europe Today and Tomorrow 2019

Julia Muravska, Alice Lynch, Anna Knack, Jacopo Bellasio, Marta Kepe, Katerina Galai, Antonia Ward, Arya Sofia Meranto, Davide Maistro, Martin Hansen
Annex to study examining the skills requirements of the European defence sector, defence-related skills gaps and shortages, the challenges with different sets of skills, and the general features of the European defence industrial skills supply.
Annex E: Germany: Annex to Report: Vision on Defence-Related Skills for Europe Today and Tomorrow 2019

Julia Muravska, Jacopo Bellasio, Alice Lynch, Anna Knack, Katerina Galai, Marta Kepe, Antonia Ward, Arya Sofia Meranto, Davide Maistro, Martin Hansen
Annex to study examining the skills requirements of the European defence sector, defence-related skills gaps and shortages, the challenges with different sets of skills, and the general features of the European defence industrial skills supply.
Annex F: Italy: Annex to Report: Vision on Defence-Related Skills for Europe Today and Tomorrow 2019

Julia Muravska, Jacopo Bellasio, Alice Lynch, Anna Knack, Katerina Galai, Marta Kepe, Antonia Ward, Arya Sofia Meranto, Davide Maistro, Martin Hansen
Annex to study examining the skills requirements of the European defence sector, defence-related skills gaps and shortages, the challenges with different sets of skills, and the general features of the European defence industrial skills supply.
Annex G: Netherlands: Annex to Report: Vision on Defence-Related Skills for Europe Today and Tomorrow 2019

Julia Muravska, Alice Lynch, Jacopo Bellasio, Anna Knack, Katerina Galai, Marta Kepe, Antonia Ward, Arya Sofia Meranto, Davide Maistro, Martin Hansen
Annex to study examining the skills requirements of the European defence sector, defence-related skills gaps and shortages, the challenges with different sets of skills, and the general features of the European defence industrial skills supply.
Annex H: Poland: Annex to Report: Vision on Defence-Related Skills for Europe Today and Tomorrow 2019

Julia Muravska, Alice Lynch, Jacopo Bellasio, Anna Knack, Katerina Galai, Marta Kepe, Antonia Ward, Arya Sofia Meranto, Davide Maistro, Martin Hansen
Annex to study examining the skills requirements of the European defence sector, defence-related skills gaps and shortages, the challenges with different sets of skills, and the general features of the European defence industrial skills supply.
Annex I: Spain: Annex to Report: Vision on Defence-Related Skills for Europe Today and Tomorrow 2019

Julia Muravska, Alice Lynch, Jacopo Bellasio, Anna Knack, Katerina Galai, Marta Kepe, Antonia Ward, Arya Sofia Meranto, Davide Maistro, Martin Hansen
Annex to study examining the skills requirements of the European defence sector, defence-related skills gaps and shortages, the challenges with different sets of skills, and the general features of the European defence industrial skills supply.
Annex J: Sweden: Annex to Report: Vision on Defence-Related Skills for Europe Today and Tomorrow 2019

Julia Muravska, Jacopo Bellasio, Alice Lynch, Anna Knack, Katerina Galai, Marta Kepe, Antonia Ward, Arya Sofia Meranto, Davide Maistro, Martin Hansen
Annex to study examining the skills requirements of the European defence sector, defence-related skills gaps and shortages, the challenges with different sets of skills, and the general features of the European defence industrial skills supply.
Annex K: United Kingdom: Annex to Report: Vision on Defence-Related Skills for Europe Today and Tomorrow 2019

Julia Muravska, Alice Lynch, Jacopo Bellasio, Anna Knack, Katerina Galai, Marta Kepe, Antonia Ward, Arya Sofia Meranto, Davide Maistro, Martin Hansen
Annex to study examining the skills requirements of the European defence sector, defence-related skills gaps and shortages, the challenges with different sets of skills, and the general features of the European defence industrial skills supply.
Future collaboration opportunities for light and medium multirole helicopters in Europe 2019

Marta Kepe, Richard Flint, Julia Muravska
The EDA commissioned RAND Europe to examine the scope for collaboration between European states in light and medium multirole helicopters. We examined the current multirole helicopter demand and supply landscape, the current approach to life-cycle management, and potential preconditions, challenges and benefits. The study then identified potential collaboration models, spanning maintenance and upgrade, procurement, and research and development.
Opportunities for European collaboration in armoured vehicles 2019

Marta Kepe, Julia Muravska, Richard Flint, Lucia Retter, Antonia Ward, Nathan Ryan
The EDA commissioned RAND Europe to examine the scope for collaboration between European states in armoured vehicles (tracked, wheeled and protected transport vehicles). RAND Europe examined the current armoured vehicles demand and supply landscape in Europe and identified five potential collaboration models, spanning maintenance and upgrade, procurement and research and development.
Strategic Surveillance for Food Safety: Designing a surveillance approach and considerations for implementation 2019

Jon Freeman, Nathan Ryan, Julian Glenesk
The Food Standards Agency engaged RAND Europe to assist with the design and implementation of a strategic surveillance system for the UK food system. The study team designed an end-to-end approach with five connected steps that are data-driven, proactive and flexible. We identified tools, techniques and methods for each step, and considered implementation steps in terms of their impact and feasibility.
Technical Annex: Identified Relevant Defence-Related Skills Programmes and Initiatives: Annex to Report: Vision on Defence-Related Skills for Europe Today and Tomorrow 2019

Alice Lynch, Marta Kepe, Katerina Galai, Jacopo Bellasio, Anna Knack
Annex to study examining the skills requirements of the European defence sector, defence-related skills gaps and shortages, the challenges with different sets of skills, and the general features of the European defence industrial skills supply.

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