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Cancer

Journal Article

Telomere Length and Neighborhood Circumstances: Evaluating Biological Response to Unfavorable Exposures

Studying neighborhood effects on telomere length could provide insight into how neighborhood factors relate to biology.

May 31, 2017
Journal Article

Physician Breast Cancer Screening Recommendations Following Guideline Changes: Results of a National Survey

Physicians' recommendations for when to start and end breast cancer screening vary, depending on their level of trust with the guideline-issuing organization.

May 23, 2017
Journal Article

Follow-up of Positive Fecal Test Results: Sooner Is Better, but How Much Better?

Patients prefer less invasive approaches such as fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for colorectal cancer screening, but the effectiveness of FIT depends on annual screenings for those with negative test results and colonoscopy if FIT tests are positive.

May 23, 2017
Report

A General Agent-Based Model of Social Learning

This report describes a general agent-based model (ABM) for studying social learning, and uses that general ABM to explore the relationship between micro-influence and macro-dynamics for broad classes of problems.

Mar 31, 2017
Journal Article

Medical Oncologists' Experiences in Using Genomic Testing for Lung and Colorectal Cancer Care

More research is needed to determine whether the observed variation in genomic testing for lung and colorectal cancer reflects appropriate or inappropriate care.

Mar 13, 2017
Journal Article

Misclassification Risk of Tier-Based Physician Quality Performance Systems

Current methods for determining whether a provider performs above or below a certain threshold do not always produce accurate results.

Nov 8, 2016
Journal Article

Variations in Oncologist Recommendations for Chemotherapy for Stage IV Lung Cancer: What Is the Role of Performance Status?

Oncologists often recommend chemotherapy to stage-IV non-small-cell lung cancer patients who are unlikely to benefit from this treatment.

Nov 4, 2016
Journal Article

Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Each of the diagnostics for colorectal cancer has a different level of evidence supporting its ability to detect cancer and associated risks of serious adverse effects. More research is needed to clarify the evidence base.

Oct 12, 2016
Journal Article

Influence of Age and Comorbidity on Colorectal Cancer Screening in the Elderly

Screening for colorectal cancer would benefit from re-evaluation of age-based guidelines as well as improved screening completion among the elderly.

Sep 13, 2016
Journal Article

Populations and Interventions for Palliative and End-of-Life Care: A Systematic Review

This evidence review found that palliative care improves outcomes for cancer, dementia, congestive heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Sep 12, 2016
Journal Article

Association Between Number of Endoscopic Resections and Utilization of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy for Patients with High-Grade, Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Using induction Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (the reference standard treatment) early when treating non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer could help prevent reoccurrences rather than just reacting to them.

Aug 26, 2016
Journal Article

Radiologists' Interpretive Skills in Screening Vs. Diagnostic Mammography: Are They Related?

There is a statistically significant, but weak to moderate correlation, between radiologists' interpretive performance in screen mammography and their interpretive performance in diagnostic mammography.

Aug 24, 2016
Journal Article

Diagnostic Value of Systematic Biopsy Methods in the Investigation of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review

Comparison of cancer detection rates and complications of different extended prostate biopsy schemes (greater than 6 cores) proposed for diagnostic evaluation in men scheduled for biopsy to identify the optimal scheme.

Jul 26, 2016
Commentary

Points to Consider When Using Surveys of Cancer Patients

Patient surveys provide unique insights for improving cancer care quality and new opportunities for research. However, features of survey populations such as sampling and early mortality should be accounted for when analyzing the findings.

Jul 19, 2016
Journal Article

The Impact of Cancer and Quality of Life Among Long-Term Survivors of Breast Cancer in Austria

Perceptions of breast cancer's effect among long term survivors in Austria are influenced by, and in term potentially influence, the survivors' physical and mental health-related quality of life.

Jul 14, 2016
Journal Article

Questioning the 10-Year Life Expectancy Rule for High-Grade Prostate Cancer: Comparative Effectiveness of Aggressive Vs Nonaggressive Treatment of High-Grade Disease in Older Men with Differing Comorbid Disease Burdens

Aggressive treatment of high-grade, clinically localized prostate cancer has substantial short-term survival benefits.

Jun 30, 2016
Journal Article

Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

This study systematically reviewed the evidence on the effectiveness, diagnostic accuracy, and harms of colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, computed tomographic colonography, and stool tests for colorectal cancer screening.

Jun 27, 2016
Journal Article

Association Between Primary Care Visits and Colorectal Cancer Screening Outcomes in the Era of Population Health Outreach

Patients who visited their primary care provider one or more times were almost twice as likely to be screened for colorectal cancer and about 30 percent more likely receive a follow-up colonoscopy after a positive screening result.

Jun 24, 2016
Journal Article

Estimation of Benefits, Burden, and Harms of Colorectal Cancer Screening Strategies: Modeling Study for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Comparative modeling of colorectal cancer screening methods for previously unscreened adults found that the use of four strategies over different intervals between the ages of 50 and 75 years yielded a comparable balance of benefit and burden.

Jun 21, 2016
Journal Article

Prospective Analysis of Health and Mortality Risk in Veteran and Non-Veteran Participants in the Women's Health Initiative

This large-scale study compares the long-term health outcomes and mortality risks among veteran and non-veteran participants of the Women's Health Initiative, a set of studies that looks for health risk associations in postmenopausal women.

Apr 28, 2016

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RAND Topic:
Cancer

Topic Synonyms:
Carcinoma;
Neoplasms;
Oncology;
Sarcoma

Research conducted by

RAND Health Care