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Cancer

Journal Article
Prevalence of Colonoscopy Before Age 50
Colonoscopy before age 50 is increasingly common.
Feb 24, 2015
Research Brief
Rare, Nonaggressive Form of Lymphoma Linked to Breast Implants: An Update
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a rare, nonaggressive cancer that can be treated by removal of the implant and surrounding capsule. Research is needed to identify risk factors; a patient registry would aid this process.
Feb 23, 2015
Journal Article
Symptom Trends in the Last Year of Life from 1998 to 2010: A Cohort Study
The authors describe changes in pain intensity and symptom prevalence during the last year of life from 1998 to 2010.
Feb 11, 2015
Journal Article
Cost-utility Comparison of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Versus Primary Debulking Surgery for Treatment of Advanced Stage Ovarian Cancer in Patients ≥ 65 Years Old
The authors sought to evaluate the cost implications of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) relative to primary debulking surgery (PDS) in advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (AEOC) patients ≥65.
Feb 11, 2015
Journal Article
Oncologists' Experiences with Drug Shortages
We assessed physician experiences with drug shortages in a population-based cohort of medical oncologists caring for patients with lung or colorectal cancer.
Jan 19, 2015
Journal Article
Treatment and Survival in Patients with Recurrent High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Multiple recurrences develop in patients with high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Jan 9, 2015
Commentary
Knowing When to Say Yes to Medical Technology
CT lung cancer screening turns out to be like many new medical technologies: It improves health but is quite expensive. Moreover, it needs implementation that targets those most likely to benefit and provides them the care they need efficiently.
Nov 18, 2014
Journal Article
Cost-effectiveness of CT Screening in the National Lung Screening Trial
CT screening reduced death from lung cancer by 20% during a 6 year trial among heavy smokers age 50-74; the cost was about $81,000/QALY gained. If screening is extended to not-so-heavy smokers, its value falls dramatically, and radiation risks may outweigh screening gains.
Nov 1, 2014
Journal Article
Discussions About Clinical Trials Among Patients with Newly Diagnosed Lung and Colorectal Cancer
Clinical trials are essential to establish the effectiveness of new cancer therapies, but less than 5% of adults with cancer enroll in trials.
Sep 26, 2014
Journal Article
Developing a Global Cancer Stigma Index
The cancer stigma index can be used to inform initial cancer education efforts, identifying overall stigma levels in a country or community and particular issue areas requiring intervention.
Jul 1, 2014
Project
Estimating the Economic Returns on Cancer Research in the UK
The UK government invests approximately £1.6 billion in medical research each year, and the British public donated £1.7 billion to medical research charities in 2012–13. This funding delivers health gains for patients and also benefits the UK economy at a 40 percent return annually.
Jun 16, 2014
Report
Investigating time lags and attribution in the translation of cancer research: A case study approach
RAND Europe and HERG were asked by UK medical research funders to investigate returns to public/charitable investment in cancer research. This report details the five case studies conducted as part of this work and observations emerging across them.
Jun 15, 2014
Journal Article
Landmark Estimation of Survival and Treatment Effect in a Randomized Clinical Trial
In many studies with a survival outcome, it is often not feasible to fully observe the primary event of interest. This often leads to heavy censoring and thus, difficulty in efficiently estimating survival or comparing survival rates between two groups.
Mar 1, 2014
Journal Article
Adverse Health Outcomes Associated with Surgical Management of the Small Renal Mass
Partial nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy may lead to adverse health outcomes.
Feb 1, 2014
Journal Article
Updated Trends in Imaging Use in Men Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer
There is widespread misuse of imaging tests in men with low-risk prostate cancer, particularly for CT. These findings highlight the need for examination of factors that drive decision making with respect to imaging in this setting.
Jan 1, 2014
Journal Article
Physician-reported Barriers to Referring Cancer Patients to Specialists: Prevalence, Factors, and Association with Career Satisfaction
Many physicians experience barriers to specialty referral for cancer patients. Uniform systems for providing and tracking timely referrals may enhance care and promote physician career satisfaction.
Jan 1, 2014
Journal Article
Physicians' Propensity to Discuss Prognosis Is Associated with Patients' Awareness of Prognosis for Metastatic Cancers
Explores the impact of physicians' propensity to discuss prognosis on advanced cancer patients' prognosis awareness.
Jan 1, 2014
Journal Article
Social Network Effects of Nonlifesaving Early-Stage Breast Cancer Detection on Mammography Rates
We estimated the effect of anecdotes of early-stage, screen-detected cancer for which screening was not lifesaving on the demand for mammography.
Jan 1, 2014
Journal Article
Community-partnered Collaboration to Build an Integrated Palliative Care Clinic: The View from Urology
An integrated, patient-centered model for individuals with advanced urologic malignancies is feasible and well received by practitioners.
Jan 1, 2014
Journal Article
Utilization of Renal Mass Biopsy in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma
At present, most patients who eventually undergo radical or partial nephrectomy do not undergo RMB, whereas most patients who eventually undergo ablation or systemic therapy do. The optimal use of RMB in the evaluation of kidney tumors has yet to be determined.
Jan 1, 2014

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RAND Topic:
Cancer

Topic Synonyms:
Carcinoma;
Neoplasms;
Oncology;
Sarcoma

Research conducted by

RAND Health Care