Earth Sciences

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Sea-Ice Conditions in the Norwegian, Barents, and White Seas

An investigation of the possible effects of climatic change on the military posture of the United States and the Soviet Union.

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The Atmospheric Response to a Stratospheric Dust Cloud as Simulated by a General Circulation Model

Results of using the RAND version of the Mintz-Arakawa general circulation model to investigate the initial atmospheric response to a stratospheric dust cloud spread uniformly in a zone between 25-deg N and 75-deg N.

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The Rand Weather Data Bank (RAWDAB): An Evolving Base of Accessible Weather Data

The RAND Weather Data Bank (RAWDAB) was designed to meet the demand for weather inputs to studies of systems that can be influenced by weather conditions.

Report

Physical Models of Fires and Their Associated Environment

Derives a general, flexible, mathematical model describing the progress of a fire, and presents graphical output of a computer simulation employing the model.

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A Documentation of the Mintz-Arakawa Two-Level Atmospheric General Circulation Model

Summary of the physical bases of the Mintz-Arakawa two-level atmospheric model and presentation of numerical procedures and computer program for its execution.

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Use of Weather-Information in Determining Cost/Performance and Force-Mix Tradeoffs: Weather and Warplanes I

A selective overview of weather-effect studies over the past 20 years, and proposed methods for incorporating weather factors into the force planning and acquisition process.

Report

Fifty More Timely Problems of the Environment.

A sequel to P-4415, with brief descriptions of 50 environmental problems compiled from publications such as [Air and Water News], [Explorers Journal, Civil Engineering,] [Engineering News-Record, Science, Nature,] and major newspapers, and suggestion...

Journal Article

Our Disposable World: Talks on the Environment from a Conference Sponsored By the Junior League of Los Angeles and Rand Corporation

Report

Creation of an Atmosphere for the Moon

The description of a method for creating a lunar atmosphere similar to that of the earth.

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The Effects of Nuclear War on the Weather and Climate

A study of the possible effects of energy, debris, and radioactivity from nuclear detonations on weather and climate.

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The Difference Between Weather Forecasters and Weather Advisors

A discussion of techniques by which the meteorologist can communicate weather information more directly to those who benefit from it.

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Predicting the State of the Upper Atmosphere.

The principal methods for predicting upper atmosphere conditions are contrasted with the methods of forecasting employed in tropospheric meteorology. Standard model atmospheres can be considered analogous to synoptic weather maps, but the principal ...

Report

Numerical results for the auxiliary equation of radiative transfer

A basic problem in astrophysics, meteorology, and neutron transport theory is the determination of the internal intensity produced when uniform parallel rays illuminate a slab of finite thickness which both absorbs and scatters radiation isotropicall...

Report

Weather Information: Its Uses, Actual and Potential

A study of ways of comparing the cost of planned atmospheric research with the value of the benefits derived. The authors find in this Memorandum that no aggregation of all resulting socioeconomic values is meaningful.

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A Case Study in the Economics of Information and Coordination: The Weather Forecasting System

An application of the economics of information and coordination to problems involving the dissemination, use, and evaluation of weather information.

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Anomalous Sounds and Electromagnetic Effects Associated with Fireball Entry

Discussion of the nature and origin of anomalous sounds and electromagnetic effects associated with the entry of bright fireballs into the atmosphere.

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Flight Regimes in the Atmospheres of Venus and Mars

Preliminary estimates of the flight parameters to be encountered on Mars and Venus. Although considerable qualitative information is available, there are few quantitative data that contribute to an understanding of the atmospheres.

Report

Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Upper Atmosphere (Part I of an Examination of the Application to Satellite Meteorology of Various Segments of the Electromagnetic Spectrum).

A survey of the middle and vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy of the upper atmosphere. The various physical and chemical processes involved in the interaction of radiation with the atoms and molecules of the upper atmosphere are reviewed, and the ultra...

Report

Estimates of Flight Regimes in the Venus Atmosphere

A study of the aerodynamic flight regions that may be encountered during entry into the atmosphere of Venus, and an estimate of the gross aerodynamic behavior of objects entering that atmosphere.

Report

The Thermodynamic Properties and Shock-Wave Characteristics of a Model Venus Atmosphere

The development of a model for the atmosphere of Venus that consists of 85 percent carbon dioxide and 15 percent nitrogen by volume.