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Infants

Infancy—the period of life from birth to age 1—is associated with a unique set of public policy issues related to babies' health, development, and welfare. RAND's research on infants spans a wide range of topics for this brief but important period of life, including infant mortality, low birth weight, neonatal care, immunizations, breastfeeding and feeding practices, and cognitive development.

Report

International Comparison of Neonatal Services

A study commissioned by the UK National Audit Office (NAO) analyses the provision of neonatal services in seven countries: Australia,Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the U.S., Canada, and Sweden. Findings determined that all countries studied use neonatal networks, but with varying levels of formalisation, that low staffing is a problem for UK neonatal services, and that a few international regions are leaders in high-quality neonatal service provision.

Jan 1, 2008
Journal Article

The Effects of Pregnancy Spacing on Infant and Child Mortality in Matlab, Bangladesh: How They Vary By the Type of Pregnancy Outcome That Began the Interval

Assesses the effects of duration of intervals between pregnancy outcomes on infant and child mortality and how effects vary over child subperiods and by the outcome that began the interval. Shorter intervals are associated with higher mortality.

Jan 1, 2008
Journal Article

Population-based Assessments of Ophthalmologic and Audiologic Follow-Up in Children with Very Low Birth Weight Enrolled in Medicaid: A Quality-of-Care Study

Finds a shortfall in provision of critical services for children with very low birth weight (<1500 g) at high risk for vision and hearing problems and enrolled in Medicaid. Findings support the importance of enrollment in Early Intervention Program.

Jan 1, 2008
News Release

New Study Finds Serious Gaps in Health Care Quality for America's Children

Children in the United States are not receiving recommended preventive care and screening services, such as regular weight and measurement checks to ensure that they are growing properly and not at risk for obesity; nor are they receiving standard care for conditions such as asthma and diarrhea.

Oct 10, 2007
Dissertation

A Good Start in Life: Revisiting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Outcomes At and After Birth

Develops a method to assess racial and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes and shows that the importance of risk factors and birth outcome measures varies by race/ethnicity, gender, and time.

Aug 21, 2007
Research Brief

Health System Reconstruction and Nation-Building

This research brief examines past attempts to rebuild public health and health care delivery systems during nation-building efforts after U.S. military deployments intended to underpin the transition to peace, democracy, and economic stability.

Feb 26, 2007
Research Brief

Need for High-Quality Child Care Affects Military Readiness and Retention

This research brief presents focus group and survey results that point to several options for improving the Department of Defense's approach to addressing the child-care needs of military families.

Feb 2, 2007
Journal Article

Effects of Interpregnancy Interval and Outcome of the Preceding Pregnancy on Pregnancy Outcomes in Matlab, Bangladesh

To estimate the effects on pregnancy outcomes of the duration of the preceding IPI and type of pregnancy outcome that began the interval.

Jan 1, 2007
Journal Article

Mortality Risks, Health Endowments, and Parental Investments in Infancy: Evidence from Rural India

Whether increased background mortality risks induce households to make differential health investments in their high- versus low-endowment children.

Jan 1, 2007
Journal Article

Crecimiento En Peso Y Longitud De Los Ninos Menores De Dos Anos Atendidos En El IMSS =: [Growth in weight and height in children less than two years old in the IMSS]

Children's growth at age 2 at the IMSS shows a curve that is lower than that of the reference population recommended by the WHO as an int'l standard.

Jan 1, 2007
Journal Article

Policies and Practices Related to Breastfeeding in Massachusetts: Hospital Implementation of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding

Hospital policies and practices related to breastfeeding may have long-term health effects. The Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding provide an evidence-based standard, which may be used to assess individual hospitals.

May 1, 2006
Report

The Design of a Multilevel Survey of Children, Families, and Communities: The Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey

This paper describes the development and implementation of the multilevel sample design for the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (LAFANS).

Jan 1, 2006
Journal Article

Why Are Infant and Child Mortality Rates Lower in the MCH-FP Area of Matlab, Bangladesh?

Infant and child mortality rates are significantly lower in the MCH-FP area of Matlab, Bangladesh, than in a comparison area.

Jan 1, 2006
Journal Article

Impact of Postpartum Hospital-Stay Legislation on Newborn Length of Stay, Readmission, and Mortality in California

The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of postpartum hospital-stay legislation on newborns' length of stay, neonatal readmissions, and 1-year mortality in California, and whether this legislation had differential impacts by demographics and complications during delivery or pregnancy.

Jan 1, 2006
Journal Article

Quality-of-care Indicators for the Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up of Very Low Birth Weight Children: Results of an Expert Panel Process

To develop a set of quality indicators for the neurodevelopmental follow-up care of very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) children

Jan 1, 2006
Journal Article

Sindrome De Muerte Subita Del Lactante: Prevencion En La Practica Hospitalaria = Hospital Practice in Neonatal Period to Prevent Infant Sudden Death Syndrome

Since Arthur Andersen's implosion in 2002, policymakers have been encouraged with ever increasing urgency to insulate the auditing industry from legal liability.

Jan 1, 2006
Journal Article

Reducing the Burden of HIV/AIDS in Infants: The Contribution of Improved Diagnostics

The development of a simple and accessible test for diagnosing HIV infection in infants could reduce paediatric AIDS deaths in sub-Saharan Africa.

Jan 1, 2006
Journal Article

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Palivizumab in Premature Infants Without Chronic Lung Disease

Evaluates the cost-effectiveness of palivizumab as respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in premature infants and evaluates the impact on cost-effectiveness following respiratory syncytial virus infection.

Jan 1, 2006
Journal Article

Mortality Among Very Low-Birthweight Infants in Hospitals Serving Minority Populations

The authors investigated whether the proportion of Black very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants treated by hospitals is associated with neonatal mortality for Black and White VLBW infants.

Jan 1, 2005
Report

Early Origins of the Gradient: The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Infant Mortality in the United States

Although relationships between social conditions and health have been documented for centuries, the past few decades have witnessed the emergence of socioeconomic gradients in health and mortality in most developed countries.

Jan 1, 2004

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RAND Topic:
Infants

Topic Synonyms:
Babies;
Baby;
Infancy

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