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Infants

Infancy—the period of life from birth to age 1—is associated with a unique set of public policy issues related to babies' health, development, and welfare. RAND's research on infants spans a wide range of topics for this brief but important period of life, including infant mortality, low birth weight, neonatal care, immunizations, breastfeeding and feeding practices, and cognitive development.

Journal Article
Reducing the Burden of HIV/AIDS in Infants: The Contribution of Improved Diagnostics
The development of a simple and accessible test for diagnosing HIV infection in infants could reduce paediatric AIDS deaths in sub-Saharan Africa.
Jan 1, 2006
Journal Article
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Palivizumab in Premature Infants Without Chronic Lung Disease
Evaluates the cost-effectiveness of palivizumab as respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in premature infants and evaluates the impact on cost-effectiveness following respiratory syncytial virus infection.
Jan 1, 2006
Journal Article
Mortality Among Very Low-Birthweight Infants in Hospitals Serving Minority Populations
The authors investigated whether the proportion of Black very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants treated by hospitals is associated with neonatal mortality for Black and White VLBW infants.
Jan 1, 2005
Report
Early Origins of the Gradient: The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Infant Mortality in the United States
Although relationships between social conditions and health have been documented for centuries, the past few decades have witnessed the emergence of socioeconomic gradients in health and mortality in most developed countries.
Jan 1, 2004
Journal Article
Los Anos De La Crisis: An Examination of Change in Differential Infant Mortality Risk Within Mexico
Test the possibility that period of economic hardship characterizing Mexico over the decade 1986-1996 has negatively influenced infant health outcomes
Jan 1, 2004
Report
Employment of New Mothers and Child Care Choice
Employment of New Mothers and Child Care Choice
Jan 1, 2004
Journal Article
Fetal Infants: The Fate of 4172 Infants with Birth Weights of 401 to 500 Grams, the Vermont Oxford Network Experience (1996-2000)
There is very little information about long-term outcomes, as the medical and developmental status of few of these infants has been followed carefully
Jan 1, 2004
Journal Article
Indirect Vs Direct Hospital Quality Indicators for Very Low-Birth Weight Infants
Evidence-based selective referral strategies are being used by insurers to ensure that medical care is provided by high-quality providers.
Jan 1, 2004
Research Brief
Is Patient Volume a Useful Quality Measure for Very Low Birthweight Infants?
The goal of the study was to assess how accurately patient volume predicts quality of care for VLBW infants and to compare volume with direct indicators, such as patient mortality.
Jan 1, 2004
Journal Article
Marginal Increase in Cost and Excess Length of Stay Associated with Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections in Surviving Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Nosocomial bloodstream infections (NBIs) are associated with serious morbidity and prolonged length of stay (LOS) in VLBW infants.
Jan 1, 2004
Journal Article
Variations in the Quality of Care for Very-Low-Birthweight Infants: Implications for Policy
Decline in childhood mortality over the past two decades is attributable to improvements in neonatal intensive care for very-low-birthweight infants.
Jan 1, 2004
Journal Article
Continuity of Primary Care Clinician in Early Childhood
Only half of young children in the United States are reported to have a specific clinician for well-child care.
Jan 1, 2004
Journal Article
Routine Assessment of Family and Community Health Risks: Parent Views and What They Receive
Examine the prevalence of parent-provider discussions of family and community health risks during well-child visits and the gaps between which issues are discussed and which issues parents would like to discuss.
Jan 1, 2004
Report
Risk of Congenital Malformations Associated with Proximity to Hazardous Waste Sites
In this study, the authors have linked two existing databases of the New York State Department of Health to evaluate the relation between congenital malformations and residential proximity to hazardous waste sites in New York State.
Jan 1, 2004
Report
Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Developing Countries: The Case of Child Survival in Sao Paulo, Brazil
Mother's education emerged as the key factor underlying socioeconomic inequalities in under-five mortality even as levels of education for women increased and inequality in schooling fell.
Jan 1, 2004
Journal Article
Does WIC Work? The Effects of WIC on Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes
Support for WIC, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, is based on the belief that WIC works.
Jan 1, 2004
News Release
Longer Postpartum Hospital Stays Are Cost-Effective
Lengthening the time some newborns and their mothers spend in the hospital is more cost-effective than other measures routinely taken to safeguard newborns.
Apr 8, 2003
Journal Article
Socioeconomic Gradients and Low Birth-Weight: Empirical and Policy Considerations
Although a materialist explanation for early-life SES gradients seems the most plausible, more research is needed to discover potential interventions.
Jan 1, 2003
Journal Article
Using Economic Information in a Quality Improvement Collaborative
Overview of neonatal intensive care unit treatment costs for hospitals that participated in the NIC/Q 2000 quality improvement collaborative.
Jan 1, 2003
Journal Article
Postpartum Length of Stay and Newborn Health: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of increasing lengths of brief postpartum hospitalizations.
Jan 1, 2003

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RAND Topic:
Infants

Topic Synonyms:
Babies;
Baby;
Infancy

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