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  <title>RAND Research Topic: Literacy</title>
  <link rel="self" href="https://www.rand.org/topics/literacy.xml"/>
  <updated>2021-04-13T20:13:04Z</updated>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" hreflang="en" href="https://www.rand.org/topics/literacy.html" />
  <rights>Copyright (c) 2021, The RAND Corporation</rights>
  <author>
    <name>RAND Corporation</name>
  </author>
  <id>https://www.rand.org/topics/literacy.html</id>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">Considering Education Policy in the 117th Congress</title>
  <author>
   	<name>RAND Corporation</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/congress/alerts/2021/education.html</id>
  <published>2021-02-08T16:34:00Z</published>
  <updated>2021-02-08T16:34:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">What are the biggest education policy issues facing the 117th Congress? RAND experts offer up insight on a variety of topics, including equity issues exacerbated by COVID-19, integrating workforce development and employment systems, improving the quality and accessibility of early childhood care and learning, and more.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/congress/alerts/2021/education.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">Annotation and Classification of Evidence and Reasoning Revisions in Argumentative Writing</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Tazin Afrin; Elaine Lin Wang; Diane Litman; Lindsay Clare Matsumura; Richard Correnti</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP68491.html</id>
  <published>2021-02-03T09:00:00Z</published>
  <updated>2021-02-03T09:00:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">In this study, we take a step towards advancing automated revision analysis capabilities.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP68491.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">Writing Instruction in U.S. Classrooms</title>
  <author>
   	<name>William R. Johnston</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2575z14.html</id>
  <published>2020-05-14T05:00:00Z</published>
  <updated>2020-05-14T05:00:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">This American Educator Panels Data Note provides insights into secondary teachers&apos; perceptions of their preparedness to teach and assess writing skills and their levels of support in the classroom.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2575z14.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">The Nuffield Early Language Intervention</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Sashka Dimova; Sonia Ilie; Elena Rosa Brown; Miriam Broeks; Andreas Culora; Alex Sutherland</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP68158.html</id>
  <published>2020-05-05T10:15:00Z</published>
  <updated>2020-05-05T10:15:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">An evaluation of the Nuffield Early Language Intervention observed 1,156 students across 193 schools through a randomised control trial. The study found the intervention added three months progress in language skills compared to non-participants.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP68158.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">Erevise</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Haoran Zhang; Ahmed Magooda; Diane Litman; Richard Correnti; Elaine Lin Wang; Lindsay Clare Matsumura; Emily Howe; Rafael Quintana</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP68093.html</id>
  <published>2020-02-26T09:15:00Z</published>
  <updated>2020-02-26T09:15:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">This paper presents the design and first classroom evaluation of eRevise, an Automated Writing Evaluation system for improving students&apos; ability to use text evidence - a dimension of writing that is important for college and career readiness.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP68093.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">Erevis(ing)</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Elaine Lin Wang; Lindsay Clare Matsumura; Richard Correnti; Diane Litman; Haoran Zhang; Emily Howe; Ahmed Magooda; Rafael Quintana</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP68091.html</id>
  <published>2020-02-26T09:00:00Z</published>
  <updated>2020-02-26T09:00:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">We investigate students&apos; implementation of the feedback messages they received in an automated writing evaluation system (eRevise) that aims to improve students&apos; use of text evidence in their writing.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP68091.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">Automated Scoring of Students&apos; Use of Text Evidence in Writing</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Richard Correnti; Lindsay Clare Matsumura; Elaine Lin Wang; Diane Litman; Zahra Rahimi; Zahid Kisa</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP68092.html</id>
  <published>2020-02-26T09:00:00Z</published>
  <updated>2020-02-26T09:00:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">The authors describe an approach to using automated essay-scoring technologies to provide information about students&apos; skills at marshaling text evidence in the upper elementary grades.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP68092.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">Evaluation of a Technology-based Intervention for Reading in UK Classroom Settings</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Hannes Jarke; Miriam Broeks; Sashka Dimova; Eleftheria Iakovidou; George Thompson; Sonia Ilie; Alex Sutherland</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR4208.html</id>
  <published>2020-01-29T08:45:00Z</published>
  <updated>2020-01-29T08:45:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">RAND Europe found in a UK randomised controlled trial that classes of primary school children randomly allocated to receive a technology-based education intervention using Microsoft&apos;s Immersive Reader performed as well as business-as-usual classes.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR4208.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">The Big Lift Descriptive Analyses</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Celia J. Gomez; Anamarie A. Whitaker; Jill S. Cannon</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR3262.html</id>
  <published>2020-01-13T08:30:00Z</published>
  <updated>2020-01-13T08:30:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">In this report, the authors present results describing early learning outcomes of children from three kindergarten classes who were eligible to participate in The Big Lift, a preschool-third-grade initiative that aims to boost reading proficiency.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR3262.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">When Neighborhoods Matter</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Sara Anderson; William R. Johnston; Tama Leventhal</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67870.html</id>
  <published>2019-06-05T12:00:00Z</published>
  <updated>2019-06-05T12:00:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">Consistent evidence links neighborhood socioeconomic status with children&apos;s development outcomes. However, it is less clear whether or when neighborhoods are most strongly associated with children&apos;s outcomes.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67870.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">Text-Based Writing in Elementary Classrooms</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Elaine Lin Wang; Lindsay Clare Matsumura</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67792.html</id>
  <published>2019-02-12T12:00:00Z</published>
  <updated>2019-02-12T12:00:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">In the present study, we investigate how teachers conceptualize text-based writing and how these conceptions influence the writing tasks they assign.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67792.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">Considering Education Policy in the 116th Congress</title>
  <author>
   	<name>RAND Corporation</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/congress/alerts/2019/education.html</id>
  <published>2019-02-08T16:34:00Z</published>
  <updated>2019-02-08T16:34:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">What are the biggest education policy issues facing the 116th Congress? RAND experts offer up insight on a variety of topics, including early childhood care and learning, K-12 policy, higher education, workforce development, and more.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/congress/alerts/2019/education.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">The Big Lift Preschool, Two Years In</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Celia J. Gomez; Anamarie A. Whitaker; Jill S. Cannon; Lynn A. Karoly</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB10047.html</id>
  <published>2018-12-12T09:15:00Z</published>
  <updated>2018-12-12T09:15:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">The Big Lift preschool-third-grade initiative aims to boost children&apos;s reading proficiency. This second in a series of descriptive analyses shares follow-up data on 2016-2017 kindergarten class participants and initial data on 2017-2018 participants.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB10047.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">The Big Lift Descriptive Analyses</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Celia J. Gomez; Anamarie A. Whitaker; Jill S. Cannon; Lynn A. Karoly</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2729.html</id>
  <published>2018-10-10T09:00:00Z</published>
  <updated>2018-10-10T09:00:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">The Big Lift initiative aims to boost children&apos;s reading proficiency in San Mateo County, California. This second in a series of descriptive analyses shares follow-up data on the 2016-2017 kindergarten class and initial data for the 2017-2018 class.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2729.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">The Big Lift Implementation Study</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Susannah Faxon-Mills; Anamarie A. Whitaker; Jill S. Cannon; Celia J. Gomez; Lynn A. Karoly</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2138.html</id>
  <published>2018-06-25T14:00:00Z</published>
  <updated>2018-06-25T14:00:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">The Big Lift, a learning initiative extending from preschool to third grade initiative in San Mateo County, aims to increase third grade reading proficiency in the county. As part of a Big Lift evaluation, this report focused on collective impact design and activity pillars.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2138.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">The Majority of Teachers Aren&apos;t Clear on the Reading Instruction Approaches Most Aligned with State Standards</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Julia H. Kaufman; V. Darleen Opfer; Lindsey E. Thompson; Joseph D. Pane</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2258.html</id>
  <published>2018-02-21T06:00:00Z</published>
  <updated>2018-02-21T06:00:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">English language arts teachers could increase their use of more complex, text-based practices if they received clearer guidance from states and districts about what is expected. They also need better supports and curriculum resources to engage in those approaches.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2258.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">Student Writing Accepted as High-Quality Responses to Analytic Text-Based Writing Tasks</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Elaine Lin Wang; Lindsay Clare Matsumura; Richard Correnti</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67479.html</id>
  <published>2018-02-08T13:00:00Z</published>
  <updated>2018-02-08T13:00:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">This study investigated teachers&apos; assessment of their students&apos; writing in response to analytic text-based writing tasks.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67479.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">Assessing Students&apos; Use of Evidence and Organization in Response-to-Text Writing</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Zahra Rahimi; Diane Litman; Richard Correnti; Elaine Lin Wang; Lindsay Clare Matsumura</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67388.html</id>
  <published>2017-12-05T12:00:00Z</published>
  <updated>2017-12-05T12:00:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">This paper presents an investigation of score prediction based on natural language processing for two targeted constructs within analytic text-based writing.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67388.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">Big Lift Participation and School Entry Indicators</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Celia J. Gomez; Jill S. Cannon; Anamarie A. Whitaker; Lynn A. Karoly</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9991.html</id>
  <published>2017-11-28T11:15:00Z</published>
  <updated>2017-11-28T11:15:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">This brief summarizes results from RAND&apos;s descriptive analysis of participation rates and school readiness outcomes for children served in the first year of the Big Lift collective impact initiative.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9991.html" />
  </entry>
 <entry>
  <title type="html">Big Lift Participation and School Entry Indicators</title>
  <author>
   	<name>Celia J. Gomez; Jill S. Cannon; Anamarie A. Whitaker; Lynn A. Karoly</name>
  </author>  
  <id>https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2131.html</id>
  <published>2017-11-28T11:15:00Z</published>
  <updated>2017-11-28T11:15:00Z</updated>
  <summary type="html">The Big Lift is a learning initiative extending from preschool to third grade in San Mateo County, California. This report provides descriptive analyses of participation in Big Lift programs along with measures of kindergarten-readiness at school entry.</summary>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/xhtml" hreflang="en" title="Read More" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2131.html" />
  </entry>
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