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Racial Discrimination

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In many communities, the practice of racial profiling and ethnic discrimination is still commonplace. RAND studies have shown the effects of ethnic and racial discrimination on health care utilization, children's mental health, job markets, and sports, as well as in police departments, where racial profiling prevention training is now common.

Commentary
'Replacement Theory' Is a Danger to Us All
“Replacement theory” is woven into the very fabric of American society—and made all the more visible by the precipitous rise in hate crimes today. What can be done to reject this zero-sum thinking?
Jul 8, 2022
Content
RAND Center to Advance Racial Equity Policy
RAND's Center to Advance Racial Equity Policy supports a portfolio of innovative, high-impact racial equity research and analysis, creates a clearinghouse to help coordinate related efforts, and collaborates with organizations dedicated to advancing racial equity.
Aug 25, 2020

Explore Racial Discrimination

Commentary
Measuring Racial Profiling by Police
We all want to know whether racial profiling is taking place in communities, but we won't get those answers from incomplete data. Unless we take the time to ask the right questions and get the right answers, the truth about how much racial profiling is really going on will remain unknown.
Jul 6, 2004
Research Brief
Assessing Racial Profiling More Credibly: A Case Study of Oakland, California
Working with data from Oakland, California, we demonstrate the effectiveness of more credible methods for assessing racial profiling.
Jan 1, 2004
Journal Article
Addressing Racial and Ethnic Barriers to Effective Health Care: The Need for Better Data : Health Plans Can Play a Critical Role in Eliminating Health Disparities by Developing Viable Data Collection Strategies--And Using Them
National efforts to eliminate these disparities are hindered by the lack of race/ethnicity data.
Jan 1, 2002
Journal Article
Charges of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Discrimination in the Workplace: The Americans with Disabilities Act in Action
Epidemiology of ADA charges alleging employment-related discrimination due to HIV and to investigate the charge-filing behavior of workers with HIV.
Jan 1, 2002
Commercial Book
Foxholes and Color Lines: Desegregating the U.S. Armed Forces
This insightful study chronicles the progress made over the last 50 years with the desegregation of the U.S. military.
Jan 1, 1998
Journal Article
Applying Demographic Analysis in Affirmative Action Disputes: An Instructional Case
Applications of demographic concepts, data, and techniques in evaluating affirmative action goals for equalizing employment opportunity.
Jan 1, 1998
Journal Article
A Riot of Color: The Demographic Setting
The Los Angeles riots of 1992 were examined in the context of changing demographic and socioeconomic conditions.
Jan 1, 1994
Journal Article
Racial Differences in the Elderly's Use of Medical Procedures and Diagnostic Tests
This study sought to examine racial differences in the use of medical procedures and diagnostic tests by elderly Americans.
Jan 1, 1993
Journal Article
More Than Meets the Eye
In 1991, the Justice Department threatened litigation against a city in Southern California citing alleged discrimination in the city's hiring practices. Closer study, however, revealed a far different picture.
Jan 1, 1993
Journal Article
Emerging Parallels in the American Health Care and Legal-Judicial Systems
Deals with the problems of discrimination when health care priorities are set, by examining parallels in the American health care system and the legal-judicial system. It suggests that, by defining legitimate health care needs, society can eliminate the need to ration necessary care. Such needs can be defined using carefully developed coverage rules, rather than the informal rules currently in place, in conjunction with the already-existing due-process methods for interpreting and implementing those rules.
Jan 1, 1992
Report
Racial Disparities in Sentencing Decisions
Discusses the distinction between racial disparity and racial discrimination; summarizes what is known about racial bias in capital and non-capital cases; and points out the reasons that the serious limitations of the research methods in this field...
Jan 1, 1991
Report
Some Models of Racial Discrimination in the Labor Market
Part of a RAND study on the measurement of racial discrimination in the economic sphere.
Jan 1, 1971
Report
Racial Discrimination in Organized Baseball
Estimates of the parameters of a model of salary determination — in which the independent variables include measures of performance and experience, alternative earnings potential, and race — explain from one-half to three-fourths of the variation in...
Jan 1, 1970
Report
Racial Discrimination in the Job Market : The Role of Information and Search.
A theory of the value of discrimination in the job market as a function of the business cycle, based on elementary models of economic behavior in which, among other things, employer uncertainty about employee capacity to produce is incorporated. A fa...
Jan 1, 1970
Report
Patterns of Negro-White Residential Segregation.
A critical review of some quantitative empirical studies of racial residential segregation, principally Negroes in Cities: Residential Segregation and Neighborhood Change, by Taeuber and Taeuber, which uses an "index of dissimilarity" as the princip...
Jan 1, 1970
Report
Models of Segregation
Two theoretical models are developed to examine the individual incentives and perceptions of difference between people that can lead, collectively, to the segregation of various sub-populations.
Jan 1, 1969
Report
The Analysis of Residential Segregation.
A review of residential segregation. Dealing mainly with black Americans' housing, this paper considers (1) why segregation is an important topic; (2) the current magnitude of segregation in American cities and recent trends; (3) theoretical, empiri...
Jan 1, 1969
Report
The Economics of Housing Segregation.
An examination of the available statistics to determine the degree to which socioeconomic factors, rather than racial prejudice, determine observed nonwhite residential segregation in the Chicago and Detroit metropolitan areas. Multiple regression te...
Jan 1, 1967
Report
The economics of housing segregation
An attempt to separate the causes of observed segregation of nonwhites in U.S. cities into socioeconomic differences and prejudice. The major hypothesis tested is that residential segregation is socioeconomic in character, i.e., is attributable to wh...
Jan 1, 1965
Report
The effects of the ghetto on the distribution and level of nonwhite employment in urban areas
An analysis of the effect of discrimination in the housing market on the distribution and level of nonwhite employment in urban areas. The hypotheses evaluated are that racial segregation in the housing market: (1) affects the distribution of nonwhit...
Jan 1, 1965

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RAND Topic:
Racial Discrimination

Topic Synonyms:
Bigotry;
Racial Profiling

Research conducted by

Researcher Spotlight

Thomas E. Trail

Senior Behavioral Scientist

Thomas E. Trail is a senior behavioral scientist at the RAND Corporation. Trail's research focuses on how stress affects relationship processes and health outcomes among military and civilian couples and the effectiveness of programs in mitigating family stress. Current research projects he is…
David J. Klein

Statistical Analyst

David J. Klein is a senior statistical analyst at the RAND Corporation. He has worked on a wide variety of research projects, mostly in the health field, and has extensive experience with statistical analysis of complex survey data, as well as claims, census, and other sources of data. Among…

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